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PL
Action Research (dalej AR) to nie tylko metoda badawcza czy strategia rozwiązywania problemu badawczego, ale także skuteczne narzędzie rozwoju wiedzy i przeprowadzenia zmian w organizacji. Celem AR jest doprowadzenie do zmiany w obrębie badanego obszaru i nakłonienie uczestników procesów w nim zachodzących do zainicjowania zmian, w którym badacz i odbiorca współpracują zarówno w diagnozie problemu jak i w opracowaniu rozwiązania opartego na tej diagnozie. AR zakłada współpracę badaczy, praktyków i laików. Polega na systematycznym zbieraniu danych pochodzących z codziennej praktyki i analizowaniu ich w celu podjęcia decyzji co do przyszłego kształtu tejże praktyki. Badanie przy wykorzystaniu AR przeprowadzono w organizacji publicznej tj. w Sądzie Okręgowym w Gdańsku. Przedmiotem badania metodą AR były działania pozaorzecznicze – prospołeczne podejmowane przez Sąd Okręgowy w Gdańsku. Przeprowadzone badanie miało udzielić odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy sądy jako organizacje publiczne mogą prowadzić działania prospołeczne, a jeżeli tak, to w jakich obszarach. Badaniem objęto okres między czerwcem 2013 r. a marcem 2018 r. czyli ponad 5 lat. W ramach prowadzonych badań dokonywano sukcesywnych obserwacji zjawisk zachodzących wewnątrz organizacji, przeprowadzono szereg wywiadów z kierownictwem sądu, rozmów z różnymi grupami interesariuszy, a także badania ilościowe z interesariuszami na temat współpracy z sądem i jej jakości. Analiza wyników badań pokazuje po pierwsze, że AR może być wykorzystany w organizacjach publicznych, a po drugie, że interwencja w wyniku wykorzystania tej metody badawczej jest skuteczna. Pomimo zmian na stanowisku prezesa i zmian politycznych nadal w sądzie podejmowane są zainicjowane działania prospołeczne. Stały się one rutyną organizacyjną. Wyniki badań uzupełniają także wiedzę dotyczącą możliwości podejmowania działań prospołecznych przez organizacje publiczne, w tym sądy. Mieszczą się w dziedzinie zarządzania strategicznego, w subdyscyplinie zarządzanie publiczne.
EN
The article addresses the issue of negative reactions to people who need help and to those who provide help. The author illustrates this problem with an example of a social action in Łódź, which she has been personally involved in, that aims at helping homeless people. The action is called the “Domni-Bezdomni” box (“home-ful for home-less”). The Box is a physical object that is a kind of street “furniture” located in a public place, which is meant to remind about homelessness and encourage help, and it constitutes a comfortable for both parties single point of contact for people affected by homelessness and those who can help. Simultaneously, the “Box action” reveals the stories of homeless people who ask for help and it is designed to address actual problems. The middle men in this process are volunteers, “Box keepers”, who stay in contact with both parties. By this example, the author reminds us what social exclusion is and presents the cultural mechanisms of social exclusion and stigmatization that come to light as a result of the “Box action”. The text also presents the methodology of such activities by showing the back-office of actions that are carried out in public space. It also shows the Action Research method being used in practice.
EN
The ultimate goal of this paper is to investigate the pedagogical views and attitudes of Moroccan high school teachers towards Method-based pedagogy. It attempts to investigate the extent to which teachers are satisfied with and committed to conventional methods. Also, the paper aims at investigating the alternative practices teachers are more likely to resort to in order to compensate for the limitations of conventional methods. In addition to this, a further objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which pre-service teacher training programs in Morocco are aware of the challenges of the post-method era. This is measured through their awareness of the requirements of the post-method era and the extent to which teacher trainers concern themselves with equipping the prospective teachers with the necessary skills to be reflective researchers and responsibly eclectic teachers. In this respect, the data collection instruments opted for in the present study ranged from quantitative to qualitative in nature. The findings reveal that the vast majority of Moroccan high school teachers (P=78%) are dissatisfied with conventional methods and - (P=96%) of them- are not committed to one or two teaching methods. The vast majority report that they resort to an eclectic approach to language teaching due to the impracticality and inflexibility of the established methods. Most teachers (P=80%) admit that they use a random eclecticism as they rely mainly on their intuitive rather than principled judgments. In this regard, interviews with teacher trainers and supervisors also reveal that pre-service teacher training programs in Morocco limit themselves only to training the prospective teachers to use methods and approaches without training them to be responsibly eclectic. The findings also show that the majority of teachers do, to some extent, know about classroom research; however, they - (P=72%) of them- have never conducted it inside their classrooms. The teachers (P=57%) attribute this to the lack of financial support and to the fact that they are not well-trained to conduct research inside their classrooms. Finally, the results of this study imply many suggestions of which we mention: the introduction of a post-method pedagogy in the Moroccan pre-service teacher training programs, equipping teachers with the methodological tools necessary as well as supporting them financially to conduct classroom-research for the purpose of constructing teaching methodologies that suit the needs to the very specific students and contexts within which they work.
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