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Pamiętnik Literacki
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2020
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vol. 111
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issue 1
89-110
PL
Artykuł jest omówieniem polemiki, do której doszło w 1780 r. między najwybitniejszymi przedstawicielami pierwszego pokolenia klasyków stanisławowskich, Ignacym Krasickim i Adamem Naruszewiczem. Autor artykułu dowodzi, że w tle błahego na pozór sporu o wyższość jednych trunków nad innymi sytuuje się kontrowersja dużo poważniejsza, związana z pytaniem o wybór tradycji, na której budować należy poczucie zbiorowej przynależności w obrębie Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów i która zasługuje tym samym na to, by stanowić główny układ odniesienia dla przedkładanych ogółowi projektów przyszłości. Analiza składających się na polemikę utworów, opublikowanych w broszurze "Spór rymotwórski między chwalcami miodu i wina", prowadzi do rekonstrukcji różnic, które w odniesieniu do tej kwestii występowały między obydwoma poetami, należącymi wszak do grona najbliższych współpracowników króla Stanisława Augusta.
EN
The article discusses a 1780 polemics between two most outstanding representatives of Stanisław August Poniatowski’s times, namely Ignacy Krasicki and Adam Naruszewicz. The author of the article argues that against the background of the seemingly trivial dispute about the superiority of one alcoholic beverage over some other, one discerns a more crucial issue connected with the choice of the tradition on which the feeling of collective nationality within the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania should be built—also the reason of forming a point of reference for the future prospects put forward to the general public. An analysis of the pieces composing the brochure “Spór rymotwórski między chwalcami miodu i wina” (“A Rhyme-forming Dispute between the Eulogists of Mead and Wine”) leads to a reconstruction of the differences that, in reference to the problem, exist between the two poets who belonged to the closest co-workers of King Stanisław August.
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EN
In 1772-1773 Adam Naruszewicz, one of most outstanding representatives of Polish Enlightenment, wrote the first complete translation of all Tacit’s works. The study is devoted to Naruszewicz’s translation work on the texts of Roman historian. Adam Naruszewicz translated them onto Polish and published them in three volume, entitled „All works of Kaj Kornelius Tacit. Translation of Adam Stanisław Naruszewicz S.J.”. The study presents a translation workshop of the bishop’s of Smoleńsk, with a special consideration of the description of the mechanisms governing the preparation of scientific commentaries. Previous research concerning the bishop’s commentary work did not at all raise the issue of authorship, claiming that the commentaries were written by Naruszewicz. The Smoleńsk bishop’s commentary work was assessed very highly by the critics. However, the outcome in comparative research of Naruszewicz’s translation and the bases of translations presented in this study allowed to formulate new statements according to which scientofic commentaries in Tacit’s first Polish translation betray a far-reaching, multidimensional dependence on the source of translation, which allows to set and prove the thesis that the bishop was their author.
EN
Adam Naruszewicz, the eminent Enlightenment-era writer and father of modern Polish historiography was, like many authors before and after him, interested in linguistic issues. In his letters and in a preface to a translation of Tacitus’ works, he discussed the style of literary texts as well as the culture and the proper use of Polish among eighteenth-century educated classes. In his historical works, he advanced etymologicalideas, both his own and those borrowed from other authors, and also mentioned the relationships between Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages.
XX
The article is an introduction to the issues of Adam Naruszewicz’s editorial techniques, revealed in the preserved autographs of his literary prose and scientific works. These manuscripts are divided into texts written by Naruszewicz and those dictated and edited by him. Initial research shows that the bishop’s editorial work was done in line with the following criteria: clarity and credibility of the argument, substantive correctness, and shaping the content, the aim of which was to create a positive image of the king, Stanisław August. This often determined intervening in areas, which are difficult to be accused of being incorrect today. This is why the article attempts to indicate those editorial activities of the bishop, which could now be perceived as variants of the text, while, according to the author, they required amending. As an editor, Naruszewicz interfered with various aspects: factual errors, style, structure, punctuation, making clarifying additions, as well as self-censoring. All these editorial efforts show the literary skills of one of the most outstanding minds of Polish Enlightenment.
EN
The article presents two scenarios that use a document shared in Google Drive to be used in a Polish language lesson. The first encourages high school students to create poetic pieces modeled on Jaroslaw Lipszyc’s Mnemotechniki, that is cento. The second one suggests analyzing and interpreting Adam Naruszewicz’s Balon in the context of a ship – the homeland’s motif, which is done to a large extent by the students themselves.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje dwa scenariusze wykorzystujące w pracy na lekcji języka polskiego dokument udostępniony na Dysku Google. Pierwszy zachęca młodzież licealną do tworzenia utworów poetyckich wzorowanych na Mnemotechnikach Jarosława Lipszyca, tzw. centonach. Drugi – proponuje w dużej mierze przeprowadzoną samodzielnie przez uczniów analizę i interpretację ody Adama Naruszewicza Balon w kontekście motywu okrętu – ojczyzny.
EN
Both analysed satires, the one from the mid-17th century and the other written one hundred years later, are connected by a relationship of “incompatible compatibility”; after all, their authors presented as reprehensible what they saw differently: whereas Opaliński criticized lower gentry and upper gentry, Naruszewicz criticised only the latter. The most general meaning of both texts is as follows: the idea of nobility and its social practice are usually divergent, and therefore, opposing. Both satirists can be regarded as republicans, yet, this ideological bond is undermined by the radicalism of the descendant of an aristocratic family and moderate democratism of the Pińsk master of the hunt.
FR
Les deux satires analysées ici – celle de la moitié du XVIIe siècle et celle publiée cent vingt ans plus tard – sont unies par la relation d’une « concordance discordante » du fait que leurs auteurs présentaient comme répréhensible tout ce qu’ils percevaient différemment : Opaliński critiquait la « noblesse mineure » ainsi que la « noblesse majeure » ; tandis que Naruszewicz critiquait seulement la seconde. On peut présenter l’éloquence la plus générale des deux textes d’une manière suivante : l’idée de noblesse et sa réalisation sociale s’avèrent généralement disjointes, et par conséquent – opposées. On peut dire que les deux satiristes étaient républicains, mais à cette unité idéologique s’opposent le radicalisme du descendant d’une famille de magnats, et le démocratisme modéré du fils d’un maître de chasse de Pinsk.
EN
Words of Jan Albertrandi which he said in 1770, explaining the reasons for publishing the magazine ‘Zabawy Przyjemne i Pożyteczne’, expressed an enthusiasm about the possibility of achieving by Poles the state of the spiritual and intellectual maturity in a short time. The result of such attitude of the editor was his willingness to provide to potential readers of the magazine the entertainment meeting their expectations, characterizing post‑Sarmatian customs. Quite quickly however in ‘Zabawy…’ there appeared the opinions of people whose point of view was different than that one of Albertrandi, because of their critical assessment of the condition of Polish Enlightenment elites. Perhaps the most important of such voices was a text of very young poet Tomasz Kajetan Węgierski. The significance of his ode (About disrespect towards learned men) was largely the result of the fact that it was addressed to Adam Naruszewicz, not only one of the leading figures of the magazine from the very beginning of its existence but also the man being the favourite poet of King Stanisław August Poniatowski. The undertone of this work was harmonizing, paradoxically, to the meaning of numerous poems, also printed in that time in ‘Zabawy…’, directed against Bar confederates and written in the circle of people close to the king, like Antoni Korwin Kossakowski, the author of the poem entitled To the Nation and Posterity.
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2016
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vol. 34
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issue 4
223-234
EN
Words of Jan Albertrandi which he said in 1770, explaining the reasons for publishing the magazine ‘Zabawy Przyjemne i Pożyteczne’, expressed an enthusiasm about the possibility of achieving by Poles the state of the spiritual and intellectual maturity in a short time. The result of such attitude of the editor was his willingness to provide to potential readers of the magazine the entertainment meeting their expectations, characterizing post‑Sarmatian customs. Quite quickly however in ‘Zabawy…’ there appeared the opinions of people whose point of view was different than that one of Albertrandi, because of their critical assessment of the condition of Polish Enlightenment elites. Perhaps the most important of such voices was a text of very young poet Tomasz Kajetan Węgierski. The significance of his ode (About disrespect towards learned men) was largely the result of the fact that it was addressed to Adam Naruszewicz, not only one of the leading figures of the magazine from the very beginning of its existence but also the man being the favourite poet of King Stanisław August Poniatowski. The undertone of this work was harmonizing, paradoxically, to the meaning of numerous poems, also printed in that time in ‘Zabawy…’, directed against Bar confederates and written in the circle of people close to the king, like Antoni Korwin Kossakowski, the author of the poem entitled To the Nation and Posterity.
PL
Artykuł ukazuje sposoby przedstawiania tematyki dotyczącej sfery seksualnej w wierszach erotycznych Adama Naruszewicza, jednego z głównych poetów polskiego Oświecenia. Utwory te potraktowano jako ciekawe świadectwo stosunku autora do tabu obyczajowego oraz językowego. Zostały one omówione w trzech wyodrębnionych przez autorkę grupach tekstów: I. Autentyczne literackie obscena erotyczne; II. Obrazki obyczajowe o zdarzeniach erotycznych, fraszki, anegdoty; III. Metaforyczne ujęcia seksualności.
EN
The paper investigates the ways in which the sexual sphere is presented in erotic poems by Adam Naruszewicz, a major poet of the Polish Enlightenment. The works are treated as an interesting testimony to the writer’s attitude to social and linguistic taboos. The author of the paper distinguishes and discusses three groups of texts: I. Authentic literary obscene erotica; II. Sketches of manners with erotic subjects, epigrams, anecdotes; III. Metaphorical depictions of sexuality.
EN
From the beginning, literature occupied an important place in “Vilnius Daily” (so-called scholar magazine’s pages). The editors of the journal (including Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki, Euzebiusz Słowacki, Filip Nereusz Golański, Leon Borowski, Ernest Groddeck, Kazimierz Kontrym) who were recruited from the circle of the University of Vilnius are alumni in “the age of lights”. Being heirs to the enlightenment ideals of aesthetics, they appreciated the literary output of their immediate predecessors. These preferences are clearly visible in the literary content of “Vilnius Daily”’, obviously adhering to classical and sentimental tastes. Without a doubt Stanisław Trembecki enjoyed the highest popularity among the Stanislawow creators in those pages. We also encounter there the works of Elżbieta Drużbacka, Ignacy Krasicki, Franciszek Karpiński and Ludwik Kropiński. The Vilnius magazine, appreciating their creative achievements, showed thereby the continuation of eighteen-century literary tradition.
PL
Artykuł stanowi skrótową prezentację sylwetek wybranych poetów, prozaików, regionalistów związanych biograficznie i twórczo z Polską wschodnią, Podlasiem. W pracy wspomina się o takich literatach jak Jan Chryzostom Pasek, Adam Naruszewicz, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, Henryk Sienkiewicz i Aleksander Głowacki (Bolesław Prus). Tekst ma charakter faktograficzny i jest fragmentem szczegółowych badań prowadzonych od wielu lat nad językiem, literaturą i kulturą Polski Wschodniej.
EN
The article presents selected poets, prose writers, regional creators of biographies related with Eastern Poland, Podlasie. The work mentions such writers as Jan Chrysostom Pasek, Adam Naruszevicz, Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski, Henryk Sienkiewicz and Aleksander Głowacki (Bolesław Prus). The text is factual and is a fragment of research on many years of language, literature and culture of Poland.
RU
Статья представляет собой краткое изложение профилей избранных поэтов, прозаиков, краеведов, биографически и творчески связанных с Восточной Польшей, Подляским воеводством. В работе упоминаются м.п. Ян Хризостом Пасек, Адам Нарушевич, Юзеф Игнацы Крашевски, Хенрик Сенкевич и Александер Гловацки (Болеслав Прус). Текст имеет характер фактографический и представляет собой фрагмент подробных исследований, проводимых в течение многих лет по языку, литературе и культуре Восточной Польши.
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