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1

Japońskie filmy o Ajnach w perspektywie amerykańskiego westernu

100%

Bochniarz M. S., Sztafiej P.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2019

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issue 31

357-372

EN

Recently the topic of transnationalism in the arts has become a popular strand of academic research. Nevertheless, this phenomenon is not an entirely new concept. In cinema it has been a constant element since its inception. One of the most important inspirations for world cinema has been the traditional cinematography of the USA, especially from the period of the great film studios, with the western being one of the most popular and imitated genres. Although it seems to be inextricably connected with the American myth of the frontier, the Wild West, the theme of expansion, and the conflict of ‘civilization’ and ‘wildness/savagery’ has reverberated outside the USA. In Japan westerns resonated on both the consumer-commercial and artistic levels. Japanese filmmakers utilized elements of the genre while weaving in some native contexts. The history of colonization of the northern island of Hokkaidō and its native inhabitants – the Ainu people – have been a point of reference for Japan-based western films. In this article, the authors analyze the western-specific genre elements in Japanese films about the Ainu people, while concentrating on the portrayal of individuals, groups and human relations on the frontier.

2

AINU – TOURISM IN THE SERVICE OF AUTARCHY?

87%

KARENDAŁ P.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Turystyka i Rekreacja

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2014

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issue 2(14)

93-110

EN

The presented article is an attempt of introducing to the readers the Ainu people – an enigmatic tribe that nowadays lives only at Hokkaido island. The process of discrimination and obligatory assimilation with Japanese, for tens of years, caused loss of their independence. The article is also portraying the struggle of the Ainu people to regain their cultural heritage. The paper is also an attempt of answering the question about the impact of tourism on sustaining the perishing traditions of the primordial cultures.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia czytelnikowi sylwetki Ajnów – tajemniczego ludu zamieszkującego dziś jedynie wyspę Hokkadio, który za sprawą dyskryminacji i przymusowej asymilacji z Japończykami na dziesiątki lat utracił swoją niezależność. Autor pracy skupia się również na przedstawieniu drogi, jaką przebyli Ajnowie w walce o odzyskanie własnego dziedzictwa kulturowego, a także na próbie odpowiedzi na pytanie o możliwości wpływu turystyki na podtrzymanie ginących tradycji kultur pierwotnych.

3

A Cognitive Mechanism Of “Mirative”

87%

Izutsu K., Izutsu N. M.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

127-142

EN

The present article argues that mirative markers are describable as the speaker’s confirmation of the relevant event conception that lies in or comes into his or her assumption (the immediate scope of predication). Mirativity can consist of at most three elements: (i) ‘the relevant event conception’s coming into the speaker’s assumption from either inside or outside his/her mind’ (UNEXPECTEDNESS), (ii) ‘the recency and quickness of the event conception’s coming into the assumption’ (ABRUPTNESS), and (iii) ‘the remarkable (un)desirability of the conception’ ((UN)HAPPINESS). The speaker’s confirmation is analyzable as the conception’s coming into the confirmed part of the assumption. It is further shown that different degrees of mirativity help to characterize the notional difference between Japanese, Korean, Ainu and Russian connective pairs traditionally treated as near synonyms. The mirative members of each connective pair manifest more elements of mirativity and focus more on the speaker’s assumption (an immediate scope) than their non-mirative or less mirative counterparts.

4

Восточная экспедиция Вацлава Серошевского и Бронислава Пилсудского 1903 года

73%

BELIAEVA-SACHUK V.

Historia i Świat

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2021

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vol. 10

317-330

EN

Eastern Expedition 1903, Imperial Russian Geographical Society, Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ainu, Solona, Barguta, Daura, Wacław Sieroszewski, Bronisław Piłsudski.

5

Prefixation Ability Index (PAI) as a powerful typological tool of historical linguistics

73%

Akulov A.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2015

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vol. 57

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issue 1

7-24

EN

At present there are many odd hypotheses about the genetic affiliation of certain languages. Most such hypotheses are invented without any serious examination of the structural differences between the languages being compared. The PAI method was inspired by ideas of A. P. Volodin, who noticed that there were two types of languages, one type has prefixation and the other does not. Actually, there is no sharp divide between the two types, it is more precise to use a coefficient (i.e. PAI) rather than simply ask “does a language allow prefixation?” The PAI theory supposed there was correlation between values of PAI of genetically related languages. Tests of PAI on the material of well assembled stocks prove that such correlations exist. Being applied to Ainu and to languages that are possibly supposed to be related to it. The PAI shows that Ainu that is not related to either Altaic or Nivkh, while a search for relatives of Ainu to the south shows potential. Also PAI can be useful in the case of other unsettled questions of language affiliation in North America, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, Africa and other places.

6

How Should You Perform and Watch Othello and Hairspray in a Country Where You Could Never Hire Black Actors? Shakespeare and Casting in Japan

73%

Sae K.

Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance

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2020

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vol. 22

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issue 37

87-101

EN

This paper discusses how Japanese theatres have handled race in a country where hiring black actors to perform Shakespeare’s plays is not an option. In English-speaking regions, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, it is common to hire a black actor for Othello’s title role. Blackface is increasingly unacceptable because it reminds viewers of derogatory stereotypes in minstrel shows, and it deprives black actors of employment opportunities. However, the situation is different in regions where viewers are unfamiliar with this Anglo-US trend. In Japan, a country regarded as so homogeneous that its census does not have any questions about ethnicity, it is almost impossible to hire a skilled black actor to play a title role in a Shakespearean play, and few theatre companies would consider such an idea. In this cultural context, there is an underlying question of how Japanese-speaking theatre should present plays dealing with racial or cultural differences. This paper seeks to understand the recent approaches that Japanese theatre has adopted to address race in Shakespearean plays by analysing several productions of Othello and comparing them with other major non-Shakespearean productions.

7

Kuryle Południowe – przekazania Japonii nie będzie

58%

Potocka E.

Studia Orientalne

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2022

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issue 3(23)

19-41

RU

Развитие российско-японских контактов с момента их встречи в XVIII веке стало ареной столкновений и сражений за острова Охотского моря – Курилы и Сахалин. Россия и Япония разделили их между собой в соответствии со своими политическими потребностями. В начале войны на Дальнем Востоке в 1937 году Южный Сахалин и Курильские острова находились в границах Японии. Советский Союз планировал изменить эту ситуацию в течение многих лет. И он сделал это, вступив в войну с Японией в августе 1945 года, которая полностью изменила баланс сил в этом районе. СССР оккупировал не только обещанные ему в Ялте острова, но и Южные Курилы, т.е. острова Итуруп, Кунашир, Шикотан и группа островов Хабомаи. Япония требовала их возвращения, ссылаясь на исторические права.

EN

The development of Russian-Japanese relations from the moment the two countries met in the eighteenth century was an arena of clashes and fights for the islands of the Sea of Okhotsk – the Kurils and Sakhalin. Russia and Japan divided them among themselves according to their political needs. At the outbreak of war in the Far East, South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands were within the borders of Japan. The Soviet Union had been planning to change this situation for years. It did so by starting war with Japan in August 1945. The USSR occupied not only the islands promised at Yalta, but much more, namely the Southern Kurils, i.e., the islands of Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, and the Habomai. Japan demanded their return citing historical rights.

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2 Lingua Posnaniensis

1 Historia i Świat

1 Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance

1 Przestrzenie Teorii

1 Studia Orientalne

1 Zeszyty Naukowe. Turystyka i Rekreacja

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1 2021

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1 Akulov A.

1 BELIAEVA-SACHUK V.

1 Bochniarz M. S.

1 Izutsu K.

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1 KARENDAŁ P.

1 Potocka E.

1 Sae K.