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Přátelství v korespondenci Alkuina z Yorku

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EN
This paper examines friendship in the correspondence of Alcuin of York in the broader context of the development of concepts of friendship in the Latin West. The fundamental dimensions of friendship in Alcuin’s work are identified, as well as the relationship between them. These are specifically the spiritual, philosophical­‑ethical and political mensions. In addition, elements of the author’s own emotionality can be perceived in Alcuin’s correspondence. The sources of Alcuin’s concept of friendship are to be sought primarily in the patristic tradition.
EN
Instead of exiguo prostratus corpore terra, in Theodulf of Orléans, Carmen 29,73, we should read exiguo prostratus corpore terrae. This poem is preserved in a late and very corrupt witness. Here the corruption has remained hidden because terra seems acceptable. The slight emendation terrae is supported by a number of significant parallels and a careful literary and linguistic analysis. The verse seems to be modelled on Virgil’s Aeneid, XI,87 (toto proiectus corpore terrae), and should be linked to two other contemporary compositions: Alcuin of York, Carmina, 20,23 and 44,11 (prostrato corpore terris), and the anonymous eighth century poem Exhortatio poenitendi, 86 (prostratus corpore terrae).
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This paper deals with the question of the sexual orientation of leading Carolingian scholar Alcuin of York. The authors begin by defining the term ‘queer sexuality’ as divergent from dominant forms of sexuality, before proceeding to present a brief overview of the life and work of Alcuin of York. The authors then turn to the primary sources that originally sparked the debate regarding Alcuin’s sexual orientation, followed by theoretical considerations on the methodological approaches that may be used to interpret ‘queer’ sources of the Middle Ages more generally, and the application of these methods in the specific case of Alcuin of York. Whether or not Alcuin’s sexuality was really ‘queer’, the authors argue, cannot be stated with certainty. Assuming it was, however, one may describe its manifestation in the given sources as a manifestation of queerness in its sublimated form, and as part of their own contemporary discourse on spiritual love and friendship.
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