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USA-Rosja w XXI wieku. Wielka gra o strefy wpływów

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EN
The author of the article discusses selected issues of American-Russian relations in the first decade of the 21st century, which was marked by reevaluation and changes in the position of both the USA and Russia. During this period the assumptions of the policies of both states engaged them in a tactic game for spheres of influence. American unilateralism led to a gradual degradation of the USA’s position in the world. The circumstances accompanying the assumption of presidency by Barack Obama were determined by the need to abandon unilateralism and focus on a conciliatory solution of problems, which in turn resulted in self-imposed limitation of the USA’s role in the world. On the other hand, following the rise of Vladimir Putin to power, Russia launched a consistent strategy of resuming the status of a global power. Therefore, in the period under discussion the two countries started competing for spheres of influence. The latter phenomenon is analyzed with reference to the major areas of overlapping interests, i.e. to the territory of the former sphere of influence of the USSR and to the region of the Near East, especially Iran, which is one of the vital regions of American strategy.
EN
The article is devoted to the conditions and interrelations characteristic of the Hungarian-Russian relations under the premiership of Viktor Orbán from 2010 when he took the position of prime minister. The study presents the genesis of establishing contacts with Moscow and the reasons for which Orbán decided to limit economic relations with Western states. There is also a description of the Hungarian-Russian relations after the annexation of the Crimea, contacts with Ukraine, tensed due to the problem of the Hungarian minority, and also an issue of American-Hungarian relationship in the context of connections between Moscow and Budapest. The text also sheds light on the questions of economic relations between the two states, being the very essence of their mutual cooperation, especially in the area of energy supply.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest uwarunkowaniom i zależnościom charakteryzującym relacje węgiersko-rosyjskie za rządów Viktora Orbána – od momentu objęcia przez niego funkcji premiera w 2010 r. W tekście przedstawiona została geneza nawiązania kontaktów z Moskwą oraz przyczyny, dla których Orbán zdecydował się ograniczyć więzi ekonomiczne z państwami zachodnimi. Opisano relacje węgiersko-rosyjskie po aneksji Krymu, kontakty z Ukrainą, napięte ze względu na problem mniejszości węgierskiej, a także problem relacji amerykańsko-węgierskich w kontekście stosunków Moskwa-Budapeszt. Poruszone również zostały kwestie kontaktów ekonomicznych między Moskwą a Budapesztem, stanowiących istotę obecnej kooperacji obu podmiotów, szczególnie w sferze energetycznej.
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