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Priorytety polityki zagranicznej Królestwa Arabii Saudyjskiej

100%
Hyra M.
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
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2017
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issue 1(18)
65-73
EN
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has defined priorities of its foreign policy in the form of circles. These determinants are geographical, historical, religious, and economic. Saudi targets are calculated for many years ahead. Their main aim is to become a leader in the Arab and Islamic world. As soon as Saudi Arabia gain a strong legitimacy, will it be one of the most important representatives of the Islamic World on the worlds political agenda. The intention of the author is to show these circles, as well as the presentation of the activities of Riyadh within them.
2
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Skutki Arabskiej Wiosny z perspektywy izraelskiej

75%
Guzowski A.
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
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2013
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issue 3
179-192
EN
During the first days of the Arab Spring many hoped that the series of protests and revolutions could bring a wave of democracy and stability to the Middle East. Such an outcome would have been greatly welcomed by the Israelis, who have been surrounded by enemies for years. Yet, more than two and a half years after the Arab Spring began, its effects for the Jewish state are far from satisfying, to say the least. The turmoil in Egypt, Israel’s western neighbor, resulted in Hosni Mubarak’s fall from power. While the former president might not have been one of Tel Aviv’s favorites, he was undoubtedly a fairly reliable partner. The subsequent rise of the Muslim Brotherhood was regarded as a threat to Israel`s security. Even after the July 2013 coup d’etat, which ended the organization`s rule over Egypt, the future of Israeli-Egyptian relations remains uncertain. Also problematic is the situation behind Israel`s northern border. While the Jewish state is not directly involved in the Syrian civil war, it still poses a potential danger for the Israelis as more and more Islamists and radicals are partaking in the struggle against Bashar al-Assad. If the Syrian president falls, these groups may try to seize power or engage in hostile activities against Israel. Moreover, it is possible that the unrest could spill-over to Lebanon, which would also affect Israel’s national security. Overall, Israel feels threatened by the Islamist rise in the Middle East caused by the Arab Spring. It must also be noted that the Arab Spring pressured the Palestinian leaders to become more active on the issue of Palestine’s independence. As a result, the UN recognized Palestine as a non-member observer state in late 2012. The mounting international pressure on Israel is very inconvenient for the Netanyahu government as it is not ready to make any serious concessions.
3
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Procesy integracyjne w Polsce w latach 1994–2016 w ocenie mniejszości arabskiej

71%
Abou Saleh Z.
Multicultural Studies
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2017
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issue 2
105-115
PL
Artykuł dotyczy procesów integracji, akulturacji, edukacji oraz egzystencji Arabów w Polsce i powstał na podstawie wyników badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych wśród grupy młodzieży arabskiej studiującej w Polsce w 1994 roku (610 osób). Z tej grupy udało się po 21 latach odnaleźć 132 osoby i przeprowadzić z ich udziałem dalsze badania. Kontynuowano je również w 2016 roku – wówczas możliwe było dotarcie do 38 osób. Celem pracy jest analiza porównawcza zmian postaw zamieszkujących w Polsce Arabów wobec społeczeństwa polskiego oraz – z perspektywy doświadczeń ich ponad dwudziestoletniego pobytu w Polsce – ocena efektywności integracji i asymilacji kulturowej. Badaniom poddano następujące problemy: zdrady małżeńskiej, adaptacji i integracji zamieszkujących w Polsce Arabów, tolerancji społeczeństwa polskiego w stosunku do mniejszości arabskiej. Poddano też analizie istniejące stereotypy dotyczące Polaków i Arabów w ich wzajemnych relacjach. Podjęto też próbę odniesienia się do obecnej sytuacji politycznej i jej konsekwencji, jedną z których jest lęk przed zagrożeniem ze strony ludności arabskiej.
EN
The article concerns the processes of integration, acculturation, education and the existence of Arabs in Poland, based on the results of empirical research conducted among groups of young Arabs studying in Poland in 1994 (610 people). From this group, after 21 years, it was possible to find 132 people and carry out further research with their participation; study was continued also in 2016 on a similar group of 38 people. The aim of this work is the comparative analysis of changes in attitudes of Arabs living in Poland, with regards to Polish society, and the assessment of the effectiveness of integration and cultural assimilation, after 20 years of residence in the new environment. The study involved the following problems: adultery, adaptation and integration of Arabs living in Poland, Polish society of tolerance in relation to the Arab minority. Existing stereotypes about Poles and Arabs in their mutual relations were also analyzed. The article is also an attempt to address the current political situation and its consequences, what are the fears of the threat from the Arab population.
4
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Model bohatera romantycznego w wybranych utworach Juliusza Słowackiego (Arab, Balladyna, Lambro, Mazepa)

54%
Sielewońko M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia
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2015
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vol. 33
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issue 1
EN
The article is devoted to an analysis of the attributes of a typical romantic hero. On the basis of several texts of one of the most important Polish representatives of Romanticism, Juliusz Słowacki, (Arab, Lambro, Mazepa, Balladyna) an attempt to crystallize the common features that characterize romantic hero has been made. The main genre that occurs in the article is a poetic novel. The author focused on presenting various particular protagonists created by Juliusz Słowacki, so as to then point the attributes common to most of them. This made it possible to determine the model of the romantic hero, which is a prime example of the hero of the Romantic era. It indicated both the main features of common and minor similarities, which together make up the characteristic trait of the protagonists in the works of literature in the Romantic era. The difficulty that may result from trying to extract similarities and to create a single model from many profiles, which by definition are multifaceted examples of individualism, has been highlighted. The impact of Romanticism on the current culture was also emphasized.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie atrybutów typowego bohatera romantycznego. Na podstawie tekstów Arab, Lambro, Mazepa, Balladyna autorstwa jednego z najważniejszych polskich przedstawicieli romantyzmu – Juliusza Słowackiego podjęto próbę wykrystalizowania wspólnych cech, jakie charakteryzują bohatera romantycznego. Głównym gatunkiem, który analizowano w artykule jest powieść poetycka. Autorka skupiła się na zaprezentowaniu poszczególnych postaci wykreowanych przez Juliusza Słowackiego, po czym wskazała przymioty wspólne dla większości z nich. Pozwoliło to na określenie modelu bohatera romantycznego, będącego wzorcowym przykładem bohatera doby romantyzmu. Wskazano zarówno główne cechy wspólne, jak i drugorzędne podobieństwa, które składają się na charakterystyczny obraz właściwy postaciom w utworach romantycznych. Podkreślono trudność, jaka wynika z próby wydobycia podobieństw i stworzenia jednego modelu z sylwetek, które z założenia są wielopłaszczyznowymi przykładami indywidualizmu. Zaakcentowano też siłę oddziaływania romantyzmu na współczesną kulturę.
5
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[...] Odores, quos tener e terra divite mittit Arabs. Funkcja motywu wyperfumowanego i zamożnego Araba oraz wonnej i zasobnej Arabii w twórczości poetów rzymskich okresu augustowskiego

54%
Libowski Ł.
Littera Antiqua
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2019
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issue 14
5-29
EN
The purpose of this article is to determine the function of one of the minor literary motifs present in the Roman literature of the Augustan period, i.e., the motif of the perfumed and wealthy Arab and fragrant and rich Arabia. This goal is achieved here in two steps: first, the appropriate source material is compiled, and then the material is analysed and the conclusions are formulated. The source material in this case is seventeen extracts from Virgil, Horace, Tibullus, Pseudo-Tibullus, Propercius and Ovid. These fragments were divided into those, in which the respective fragrance motif was embedded in the axiological context (sixteen fragments), and those, in which the motif appears in the neutral context (one fragment). Among the first there were separated those, in which the positive axiological context is dealt with (ten fragments), and those, in which the negative axiological context is dealt with (six fragments). The fragments of the first type mention the value of a woman (four fragments), religious activities (three fragments), the Roman land (two fragments) and peace (one fragment), while the fragments of the second type express the worthlessness of wealth (five fragments) and remoteness from the loved person (one fragment). In turn, the analysis was carried out in two steps. First, it was found that Latin poets and writers of the Augustan period use the fragrance motif when they value, whether positively or negatively, people or things or situations, or activities, and that these writers use the motif discussed here to build images that appeal to the public. Secondly, it was established that the Arabic motif is expressed at the same time in a lot of different words, should all the fragments in which it appears, be taken together, and in few words, should each of the fragments should be considered separately.
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