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EN
The article is dedicated to the literary criticism of Filozofia Leśmiana Eksperyment krytyczny (1946), a literary sketch by Artur Sandauer. The discussion continued throughout the second half of the 1940s, the late 1950s and the early 1960s in “Kuźnica”, “Odrodzenie”, “Dziś i Jutro”, “Twórczość” and “Życie Literackie” and involved Poland’s major literary critics and literary researchers. The author of the article presents the personal and environmental contexts of the polemics, shows the diverse subjects, analyses the employed rhetorical strategies and ponders the impact of the discussion on the literature of the first two post-war decades.
EN
The paper brings an analysis of the forms and functions of the grotesque in Artur Sandauer’s literary works as well as more general reflections on non-conventional means of artistic expression applied to the Shoah experience. In Sandauer’s fiction, the grotesque poetics serves not only to expose chosen aspects of the Holocaust but it also helps to create metaphors concerning the basic mechanisms and fundamental processes of the catastrophe.The grotesque in the works of this and other Holocaust writers is a much wider issue, worthy of thorough study. The authors variously employ images of dehumanisation, ironically reproduce Nazi propaganda, mock highbrow culture, expose the contradictions intrinsic in 19th and 20th century humanitarian discourse or in language itself. The grotesque makes readers uncomfortable, questions readymade interpretations and judgements, demands independence in taking a stance on things which are beyond understanding. That is why it becomes an efficient device of artistic expression concerning subjects which do not easily lend themselves to more traditional and conventional approaches.
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Perpetuum mobile, czyli kilka uwag o autotematyzmie

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EN
The article presents a short history of the development of the concept of autotematyzm, a term proposed in the mid twentieth century by Artur Sandauer, referring to a kind of self-referentiality, that evolved considerably in scholarly thought in subsequent decades.  Problems in defining the term relate to both its terminological fluidity and the scope of its use, dependent on the influence of literature as it changed and the languages used to describe and analyze it.  The author proposes to formulate the development of the term as a result of the linguistic turn and thus situates it at the center of modernism, whose dominants it expresses, becoming an operative tool for the interpretation of modernity. At the same time, she directs readers’ attention to the current that privileges subjectivity in the reflection on self-referentiality, and its close connection with autobiography, particularly visible after the post-structuralist rupture.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia w dużym skrócie historię rozumienia pojęcia ‘autotematyzm’, zaproponowanego w połowie ubiegłego wieku przez Artura Sandauera i znacząco ewoluującego w refleksji badawczej w następnych dziesięcioleciach. Problemy definicyjne z autotematyzmem związane były zarówno z jego płynnością terminologiczną, jak i zakresem występowania tego zjawiska, uzależnionego od wpływu zmieniającej się literatury oraz języków jej opisu. Autorka proponuje ujmować rozwój autotematyzmu jako konsekwencję zwrotu lingwistycznego, sytuując go w centrum modernizmu, którego dominanty uwyraźnia, stając się operatywnym narzędziem interpretacji nowoczesności. Jednocześnie zwraca uwagę na wątek uprzywilejowujący podmiotowość w myśleniu o autotematyzmie oraz ścisłe jego powiązanie z autobiografizmem, widoczne w szczególny sposób po przełomie poststrukturalistycznym.
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