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K ETIMOLOGII BALTO-SLAVJANSKOGO *ŠAMA- SILURUS GLANIS

100%
Khramov Y.
Slavica Slovaca
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2011
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vol. 46
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issue 2
156 - 160
EN
The article discusses the Balto-Slavic word *šama- ‘sheat-fish, Silurus glanis’ > Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian сом, Serbo-Croatian сȍ м, Slovenian sòm, Czech, Slovakian sumec, Polish sum, Low Sorbian som, Lithuanian šãmas, Latvian sams, which is problematic from the point of view of etymology. Giving an in depth analysis of previous hypotheses, the article suggests turning to the already known lexical material recorded in dictionaries. On semantic concretisation of the examples and drawing from the dialects of the Slavic and Baltic languages, the old etymology of this word (Proto-Indo- European *k’em- ‘stick, pole, horn’) becomes linguistically well-reasoned.
2
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Relation between Slavic and Baltic Languages in the Light of Onomastic Research

100%
Jurkenas J.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2006
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vol. 30
261-267
EN
The article is an attempt to compare results of some fundamental onomastic studies with some hypotheses. On the basis of an analysis of hydronyms Ch. Kraz concludes that in the territories which were once occupied by German, Celtic, Italian (with Venedian), Illyrian and Baltic tribes there exist the so called 'Old-European' hydronyms, common in form and the nature of their origin. W.P. Schmid calls attention to the fact that these old hydronyms, found in different parts of Europe, have almost as a rule equivalents in the Baltic areas. The Polish linguist Tadeusz Milewski divides archaic anthroponimic systems into two groups – the Eastern 'baga' and Western 'teuta'. To the 'teuta' group he classifies also German, Celtic, Illyrian and Baltic anthroponomical systems. Accordingly, what Milewski marks with the symbol 'teuta', is termed in Ch. Krauze's terminology as the Old European onomastic community. An analysis of onomastic material studied by the above mentioned scholars thus supports an argument confirming the hypothesis proposed by V. Pisani and J.W. Otkupshchikow. The Slavic languages have been shaped on the basis of dialects closely resembling the Baltic ones. A group of dialects that would become the Baltic dialects, situated in a periphery, might have completely fossilized and preserved many archaic features (= elements of 'old European' type). In the territories that would become the Slavic territories changes were more dynamic. A big role was played here by the Iranian element (= peculiarities of the 'baga' group).
3
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About the etymology of specific manuscript old-Russian oikonyms of the XIV-XVII centuries with the stems of the Baltic origin

100%
Yuyukin M.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2005
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vol. 29
39-45
EN
In the article etymologies of some Old Russian place-names with stems of the Baltic origin, mentioned in chronicles in 14th-17th centuries, are considered. By the side of names, Baltic sources of which stems are more or less clear (Veveresk, Vory, Gerten, Demen, Isterva, Istya, Kornike (Korniki), Kushel), there are toponyms that may be explained from both Baltic and Slavonic languages with the equal degree of reliability (Bolki. Degunino, Kunei, Obolchi). Their double etymologies are due to both the genetic relationship between these groups of languages and their close interaction in the toponymical system of the area these names are located in: the North-West of Russia, the basin of Oka and Upper Volga. They are derived from stems belonging to various lexical groups: apellatives, hydronyms, anthroponyms. In the structural aspect place-names present lexico-semantic, morphological and grammatical procedures of toponymical word-formation.
4
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The problem of origin of the Lithuanian nation from the standpoint of word formation

88%
Ambrazas S.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2006
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vol. 30
61-87
EN
The greatest part of derivational features common to Lithuanian and Latvian was inherited from Proto-Baltic. Only some of them may be ascribed to exclusive East Baltic innovations. Besides, there are differences in the realization of them. In Latvian the suffix *-u-mo- (but not the suffix *-i-mo- in the contrast to Lithuanian) was widely used in the formation of 'nomina actionis'. It is also noteworthy that the formation of Latvian 'nomina actionis' was affected most radically by the adjectival suffix *-no- rather than *-mo-. A number of East Baltic innovations (cf nominal diminatives with *-en-o, *-a-ko, *-e-ko) cover not all territory of Lithuanian, but usually the eastern part of it which is supposed to be the mother land of the Lithuanian nation. On the other hand, a number of derivational isoglosses link the Lithuanian language to Old Prussian and oppose it to Latvian, cf 'nomina collectiva' with *-i-no-; 'nomina agentis' with *-i-ko-, 'nomina attributiva' with *-in-i-ko-, *-e-no-, *-at-Uo-, *-o-lUo-; 'nomina qualitatis' with *-i-be, *-i-s-ta, *-is-ko-; diminutives with *-o-l-Uo-, *-i-s-t-Uo-. Some of these isoglosses might reflect the influence of West Baltic tribes (they were very early drawn into the processes of European civilization) upon the Lithuanian language (especially upon its western and southern dialects) in the initial stage of its development.
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