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Miguel de Unamuno: The Basque National Philosopher

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In Spain the year 2005 is dedicated to Miguel Cervantes, who wrote the first volume of his famous novel 'Don Quixote' four hundred years ago. This year also marks in Spain the next stage of a dramatic struggle between the Spanish government and the followers of the so-called 'Ibarretxe's programme'. Miguel de Unamuno was concerned with philosophy as a work of literature. His treatment of Don Quixote became a reflection on the most important philosophical symbol of the essence of Spain. In his work he declares himself an 'ideophobe' and explores the problem of the new-born Basque national movement. Unamuno was one of the most remarkable writers in the intellectual landscape of Spain. But he was born in Bilbao, and his early dream was to write a twenty-volume history of the Basque people. He was a Basque who was proud of his Basqueness. This paradox gives us a new approach to an analysis of the political situation in the 'Basque Country', and provides new inspiration to examine the issue of the Basque and Spanish nationalisms.
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THE ARCHIPELAGO OF THE BASQUE NATIONALISM

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The first part of the article examines the problem of Basque nationalism, focusing on the roots and complex nature of this national movement in northern Spain. The political situation in the Basque country is the subject of a very emotional debate in some Polish newspapers. Yet the true nature of the question of Basque nationalism, which is often simplified by journalists, remains unclear for Polish readers. From a historical approach, the authoress aims to deconstruct such a truly false picture of the Basque national movement in Spain. From various points of view, she shows that the movement's goals are by no means limited to an organization seeking to propagate or openly use violent methods of fighting the Spanish government. The article shows that Basque nationalism may be viewed as a type of social conflict embracing particular ethnic elements which are of prime significance.
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