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Lokální politické stranictví na českém venkově od sklonku 19. století do roku 1945

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Copik J., Cmejrek J.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2011
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vol. 19
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issue 1
47-66
EN
Political and social life in former Cisleithania was developing from the 1860s on. As of the 1890s, the political parties, based until that time on notabilities, were gradually transformed into mass organizations. This was linked with a merge of political activity with the economic interests of particular political streams. Another typical feature of political party life during the existence of Cisleithania and postwar Czechoslovakia was the deep rootedness of national political parties in local communities. The links to local communities were broken with the destruction of the party-based political system after 1938 and were never fully restored.
2
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Prameny k životu a kariéře členů české dominikánské provincie raného novověku

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Zouhar J.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2011
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vol. 26
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issue 2
355-364
EN
The study analyses resources deposited in archives and libraries of the Czech Republic and in Rome which allow at least partial reconstruction of biographies of members of the Bohemian Dominican province between the 15th and 18th century. The resources are of a normative, registration and narrative character. The registration resources (registers of the order’s Master generals, province books, books of monastic studies, listings of all members of the province) are the most important; the normative and narrative resources only have a supplementary character.
3
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Bekämpfung der Armut in den böhmischen Ländern im 19. Jahrhundert: Eine institutionelle und legislative Übersicht

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Hlavačka M.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2012
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vol. 20
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issue 2
17-40
EN
Different definitions of poverty are explained as a social phenomenon of the transforming social structure during the modernization process taking place in the Bohemian Lands in the 19th century. The results of Josephinian reforms of the late 18th century are compared with the social policy of the late 19th century. Attention is also paid to the legal foundations of and the financial sources for social care. In conclusion, the level of social care in the Bohemian Lands is compared with the overall conditions in Austria at that time.
4
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Ideální představy o ústavě, parlamentarismu a zástupcích lidu v revolučním roce 1848/1849

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Velek L.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2012
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vol. 20
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issue 1
13-34
EN
The Czech Lands were economically the most developed parts of the Austrian Monarchy as early as the mid-19th century. In spite of that, however, the country still remained more or less agrarian and was just entering the industrialization period. Most population lived in the country and even the towns and cities, except Prague, exhibited pure provincial features. The population of the Czech Lands, i.e., Bohemia and Moravia, was an ethnic mixture of Czechs and Bohemian Germans without any major ethnic problems. The Revolution of 1848/49 constituted a culmination of the ongoing Czech emancipation process. The Czechs were able, following their previous achievements in the cultural area, to present a political program of their own. They were headed by a new political elite coming mainly from among the lower Czech intelligentsia and leaning on Czech peasants whose supports they could gain by requiring an abolition of serfdom and a transfer of manorial land to peasants. The exemption of peasants from servitude was a driving force of the revolutionary movement in the Bohemian Lands that agitated the whole country like never before and never after. This produced contemporary notions of the importance and role of people’s “representatives” in the system of constitutional monarchy. In the absolutist Habsburg Monarchy there was not only a lack of controversial topics, but also of competent forums to discuss them. The changes needed could be introduced by replacing the absolutist monarchy with a system of constitutional monarchy. However, the revolution year 1848/49 was rather a “spring of nations” than a year introducing the civil rights and freedoms. Thus, the revolutionary movement in the Bohemian Lands was a bright mixture of topics, notions and requirements, from political liberalization, through abolition of serfdom and transfer of manorial land to peasants, to national and political emancipation of different ethnic entities. While in the pre-March period the absolutist state tolerated to some extent the restrained emancipation of its nationalities, after the Revolution it was unable to efficiently intervene and only passively watched the beginning national disintegration of the Habsburg Empire.
5
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Poznámky k problematice pramenné základny ke studiu dějin kouzelnických a čarodějnických procesů v českých zemích v pozdním středověku a raném novověku

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Kreuz P.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2010
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vol. 25
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issue 1
93-115
EN
The essay outlines the nature of sources concerning the history of wizardry and witchcraft processes in the Bohemian lands from the Middle Ages until the second half of the 18th century. The main source of history of wizardry and witchcraft processes in the High and Late Middle Age Bohemian lands comes from narrations. The most important sources of the Early Modern Period until the second half of the 17th century come from the preserved pitch (black) books (smolné knihy). The main sources regarding wizardry and witchcraft processes in the Bohemian lands (and partly in Moravia) from the last quarter of the 17th century until the end of witchcraft in Bohemia (the 1750s) come from sentence manuals of the appeal court which probably registered most of the performed trials.
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