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1

O kilku przypadkach bowaryzmu zbiorowego

100%
van Gennep A.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2012
|
vol. 103
|
issue 4
7-17
EN
As based on Jules de Gaultier’s writings, a French ethnographer Arnold van Gennep decided to examine the presence of collective bovarism in the people of African republic of Liberia – black immigrants from the Antilles and the United States of America, conflicted with native Africans (“pagan brothers”). Their collective bovarism came into light as persistent following the American and European ideals and as gradual removal from indigenous traditions which, in spite of beliefs and desires, failed in gaining a new and better identity, but rather led to losing their own identity and exposed at ridicule in the eyes of the world. In his thorough analysis of Liberian habits, economy, agriculture, industry, policy, and even fashion, van Gennep tracks a successive decline of culture, urging to fight for regaining their own identity.
2

Nowelistyczny tryptyk Stefanii Chledowskiej – zagubione ogniwo polskiego „bowaryzmu”?

80%
Mazur A.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2012
|
vol. 103
|
issue 4
27-43
EN
Three psychological and customary studies by Stefania Chledowska (1850–1884), an obscure novelist, namely Impresjonistka (Impressionist), Z historii nie-bohaterow (From the History of Non-heroes), Babie lato (Indian summer) are original paraphrases of Flaubert’s bovarism. The references to French model are seen in the method of characters’ presentation, as well as on the fictional, stylistic and partially worldview level. Neurotic and bored heroines from upper class suffer from bovaristic hunger of sensual-psychical impressions and existential disappointment, while their adulterous affairs result in traumatic experience, and spiritual or physical destruction. The short stories’ auctorial tone includes an ironic distance from the world presented in them, pseudoromance melodrama as well as naturalistic accents (in the case of From the History of Non-heroes patterned after Alfons Daudet’s novel Fromont jeune et Risler ainé ).
3

Pani Bovary w tropikach: bowaryzm jako zjawisko kolonialne

51%
Krasnopolska Z.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2012
|
vol. 103
|
issue 4
19-26
EN
The article aims at analysing the collective bovarism in (post)colonial studies. The term “bovarism” was coined at the turn of 19th and 20th c. by Jules de Gaultier as one of the main assumptions of his idealistic philosophy. It refers to a man’s innate ability to imagine oneself different from real, which can be manifested alike at individual and collective level. Thus, the collective bovarism, inseparably tied to the process of evolution, is characteristic of numerous societies all over the world. The article focuses on the discussions about the various approaches to the collective bovarism as based on the analysis of the texts by Arnold van Gennep, who researched it in Liberians, Jean Price-Mars (in Haitians), Frantz Fanon (in Martinicans), as well as on discerning the similarities between the collective bovarism and Homi K. Bhabha’s theory of mimicry.
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