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Asymmetric Mobility and Emigration of Highly Skilled Workers in Europe: The Portuguese case

100%
Machado Gomes R., Teixeira Lopes J., Cerdeira L., Vaz H., Peixoto P., Cabrito B., Machado-Taylor M. L., Brites R., Patrocínio T., Ganga R., Silva S., Silva J. P.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2018
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vol. 44
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issue 3 (169)
143–164
EN
Emigration is a chronic structural process of the Portuguese society. The discussion and key arguments raised in this chapter are mainly focused on data from a research project on Portuguese skilled emigration. Based on the outcomes of the BRADRAMO2 on-line survey to 1011 highly skilled emigrants it can be suggested that recent phenomena in general, and the crisis that began around 2008 in particular, profoundly transformed the patterns of Portuguese emigration. Nowadays, the country faces a brain drain dynamic that is dramatically altering the profiles of national emigrants, emigration destinations, self-identity, and the strategies of those who leave the country. Academic mobility, mainly that promoted by the European Union (through grants from the Erasmus Program), created and fostered mobility flows that reinforced a latent mobility phenomenon. Once engaged in academic mobility programs, Portuguese higher education students tend to stay in the country of destination or, upon returning temporarily to Portugal, to evince a very strong predisposition to move to a country of the European Union. The profile of Portuguese high-skilled emigrants reveals a trend towards a permanent and a long-term (as opposed to a temporary or transitory) mobility, an insertion in the primary segment of the labor market of the destination countries, a predominance of professionals connected to the academic/scientific system and to professions requiring high skills, and a latent mobility (aft er a period of study in the country of destination) rather than direct mobility flows (after having entered in the employment system of the sending country).
2
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THE MIGRATION OF RESEARCHERS FROM CENTRAL EUROPE DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD

100%
Bernard J.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2008
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vol. 40
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issue 3
191-214
EN
The article deals with the analysis of specifics of researcher emigration from the post-socialist Central European countries to the USA in the context of the discussion on different approaches to the 'brain drain' phenomenon and its forms. The extent and structure of researcher migration from the Central European countries to the USA are compared to migration from the Western European countries using several data sets. The findings show among others that the intensity of researcher migration from the Central European countries to the USA was higher than from Western European countries in the early 1990s but it decreased significantly afterwards. Brain waste of highly qualified migrants from Central Europe persists.
3
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WYKWALIFIKOWANE IMIGRANTKI Z POLSKI NA WŁOSKIM RYNKU PRACY: CASE STUDY W PROWINCJI RZYMU

86%
Kowalska K., Pellicia A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2012
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vol. 38
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issue 3(145)
73-110
EN
This article aims at studying the mobility of Polish highly skilled female workers who live in Italy, and at analysing their integration into the society and the labour market, with particular reference to the problem of brain waste. Using the biographical approach we analyse the reasons for migration from a transnational perspective. We highlight the active role of the Polish social network that explains the high presence of Polish people in Rome, determined by more than purely economic reasons. Eventually, in the light of brain waste, we try to understand the role of the academic and career paths by looking into possible problems related to the adequate utilisation of professional competences and acknowledgement of the level of educational attainment.
4
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SKALA, DETERMINANTY, KIERUNKI I CHARAKTER MIGRACJI ZEWNĘTRZNYCH I WEWNĘTRZNYCH MŁODZIEŻY W POŁUDNIOWO-ZACHODNIEJ POLSCE – WYNIKI BADAŃ PILOTAŻOWYCH

58%
Jończy R., Dolińska A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2016
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vol. 42
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issue 3 (161)
189-203
PL
Wraz z umasowieniem kształcenia na poziomie wyższym i akcesją Polski do Unii Europejskiej nasiliły się migracje młodzieży, zwłaszcza z obszarów peryferyjnych do dużych ośrodków regionalnych oraz za granicę. Opracowanie zawiera fragment wyników badań przeprowadzonych w wybranych ośrodkach południowo-zachodniej Polski, wśród uczniów ostatnich klas liceów ogólnokształcących, dotyczący preferowanych przez nich kierunków migracji edukacyjnych, jak również zamierzonych przez nich miejsc docelowego zamieszkania. Jak dowodzą uzyskane wyniki badań, większość ankietowanej młodzieży po zdanej maturze zamierza podjąć studia. Jednocześnie porównanie preferowanych ośrodków akademickich oraz zamierzonych miejsc docelowego zamieszkania wskazuje na definitywny, a nie stricte edukacyjny charakter deklarowanych migracji. Pozwala to sądzić, że drenaż edukacyjny młodzieży jest tym samym początkiem emigracji definitywnej, kierującej się głównie do dużych i postrzeganych jako atrakcyjne ośrodków regionalnych. Proces ten wiąże się z bardzo poważnymi konsekwencjami dla polityki regionalnej, fiskalnej, edukacyjnej i społecznej.
EN
With the massification of higher education and the Polish accession to the European Union, migration of young people has intensified, especially from remote areas to major regional centers and abroad. The study contains a fragment of the results of research conducted in selected centers of South-Western Poland, among students who were in their final year of secondary school, concerning their preferred educational migration destinations, as well as their intended eventual places of residence. As evidenced by the results of the research, most of the surveyed youth intend to study after their graduation. A comparison of preferred academic centers and the intended eventual places of residence shows that educational migration is not limited to serving the educational objective, but is also the final migration. This suggests that the educational drainage of young people is the first step to a definitive migration which is mainly directed towards large and seemingly attractive regional centers. This process is associated with very serious consequences for regional, fiscal, educational, and social policy.
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