This article presents the history and present-day functioning of the Nizami Museum of Literature in Baku, which is the capital of Azerbaijan. This museum also functions as a research institution and belongs to the structures of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Azerbaijan. As well as having permanent exhibitions devoted to Azerbaijani literature and its creators, it organizes conferences and runs its own publishing house, library and bookstore. It also collects and secures collections relating to literature, Azerbaijani writing and objects that once belonged to writers. It holds valuable manuscripts of Oriental writers. Located in a building that is one of the architectural symbols of Baku, the Nizami Museum of Literature is one of the places that are most frequently visited by tourists in the capital of Azerbaijan.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje historię i współczesną działalność Muzeum Literatury im. Nizamiego w stolicy Azerbejdżanu – Baku. Instytucja ta ma jednocześnie charakter muzealny i naukowy, przynależąc do struktur Akademii Nauk Republiki Azerbejdżanu. Muzeum prezentuje wystawy stałe poświęcone literaturze azerbejdżańskiej, jej twórcom, jak również organizuje konferencje, prowadzi własne wydawnictwo, bibliotekę i księgarnię, gromadzi i zabezpiecza zbiory zarówno związane z literaturą, piśmiennictwem azerbejdżańskim, jak i przedmioty należące do pisarzy. Posiada cenne rękopisy dzieł pisarzy Wschodu. Mieści się w budynku będącym jednym z architektonicznych symboli Baku. Jest jednym z najczęściej odwiedzanych miejsc przez turystów w stolicy Azerbejdżanu.
This article presents the problem faced by the First Azerbaijani Democratic Republic after the proclamation of its statehood in 1918—namely, the lack of a national army. The author describes the beginning of the formation of the Azerbaijani army, the conscription of new recruits from society and their military training, as well as the deepening of their knowledge in terms of the history of Azerbaijan and civic obligations. This article shows the level of patriotic awareness of citizens at the beginning of 1918 and two years later following the programme of educating the society. It also compares the level of armaments and financial status of the conscripts at the beginning of the army’s formation and at the moment when the Red Army occupied the country in 1920.
The article concerns Stefan Żeromski’s Przedwiośnie, one of the most important Polish novels of the twentieth century. So far the work was considered, especially its first part (Szklane domy), whose plot is set in Baku, mainly in the context of the Bolshevik Revolution. It was ignored, however, that the historical background of the novel (its plot) are also other, linked with that revolution (and partly caused by the Bolsheviks), dramatic historical events: ethnic feuds between Armenians and Azeris (“Tartars”) and the Turkish intervention, which is one of the stages of the Armenian Genocide. The fate of Cezary Baryka, the main character of Przedwiośnie, is usually seen in terms of transformation, education, ideological development. It is worth noting that the Baku massacres are for Cezary not only a lesson or a warning, but they are also the source of his demoralization; it can be concluded that the hero is “infected with death”.
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