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1976
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
5-16
PL
L’auteur classe le texte Mich 5, 1-5 parmi les promesses messianiques. II voit son origine à l’époque des dernières années du règne d’Ezéchias, roi de Judée, et il défend son originalité. Le texte reçoit interprétation selon le sens messianique; l’enoncé: miqqedem mîmêʽôlām semble parler de la préexistence du Messie. L’expression: jôlēdāh jālādāh suppose la connaissance de l’oracle Is 7, 14 et 9, 5 et semble désigner - selon l’auteur - la Mère terrestre du Messie - Emmanuel. L’auteur affirme que les oracles Mich 5, 1-5 et Is 11, 1-10 ne présentent pas de rapports de dépendance, tout en se complétant l’une l’autre. Se référant à l’oracle de Michée, l’Evangéliste donne sa propre version du fragment qu’il cite (Mt 2, 6). L’auteur de l’article est d’avis que l’allusion au pasteur ne vient pas du texte 2 Sm 5, 2 mais a plutôt sa source chez Ez 34, 23-24 et 37, 24. Donnant au fragment cité une interprétation Christologique, l’Evangéliste enrichi sensiblement le sens de la péricope de Michée.
RU
The article is focused on Lucjan Rydel as the author of Polish Bethlehem – a nativity play in which its author saw the most perfect form of folk theatre, a concept he himself keenly propagated. The central issue here is an attempt to observe how Rydel, drawing upon the history of nativity plays as well as their traditional text and character, created a sublime patriotic spectacle which later became a template for all subsequent literary nativity plays inspiriting Polish history and at the same time commenting on current affairs. Furthermore, the text presents Polish Bethlehem through the prism of modernist artists’ interest in the nativity scene as a literary genre and juxtaposes Rydel’s work with the nativity plays written by the Green Balloon Cabaret in order to show two significant directions in which this cultural phenomenon was evolving at the turn of the 20th century.
EN
In the infancy narrative, Matthew the evangelist describes specific places associated with the earthly life of Jesus: Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Egypt, Ramah, and Nazareth. These places show Jesus and allow for deeper and more accurate descriptions of the Christology of the Gospel. Bethlehem is the place of the birth and worship of the Messiah. For this reason, the small place is exalted, in opposition to Jerusalem, the place of death of the Messiah, which is deprived of its respect and rank in the Old Testament. The latter town embodies people who are reserved and hostile to Jesus. Meanwhile, Egypt and Ramah act as subjects: Egypt is the point to which Holy Family arrives and later leaves, repeating the journey of Israel, albeit in a perfect way. Ramah refers to the matriarch Rachel and her weeping over the Chosen People, who have rejected the Messiah. The primary city in Matthew’s infancy narrative is Nazareth, which describes Jesus and points to his messianic dignity and dedication to God.
PL
Mateusz, redagując Ewangelię dzieciństwa głoszącą orędzie o narodzeniu Mesjasza, wplótł w nią konkretne miejsca związane z ziemskim życiem Jezusa: Betlejem, Jerozolimę, Egipt, Rama i Nazaret. Te miejsca ukazują Jezusa, pozwalają głębiej i dokładniej oddać chrystologię Ewangelii. Betlejem to miejsce narodzenia i oddania pokłonu zapowiedzianemu Mesjaszowi. Mała miejscowość ze względu na narodziny Syna Boga zostaje wywyższona, w przeciwieństwie do Jerozolimy, która jest miejscem śmierci Zbawiciela i dlatego zostaje pozbawiona przynależnego jej w Starym Testamencie szacunku i rangi. Stolica uosabia ludzi zamkniętych i wrogich Jezusowi. Egipt i Rama pełnią funkcje przedmiotowe. Egipt jest punktem, do którego wędruje Święta Rodzina i z którego wychodzi, powtarzając wędrówkę Izraela, ale w sposób doskonały. Rama odsyła do żony Jakuba Racheli i jej płaczu nad narodem wybranym, który odrzuca posłanego Mesjasza. Pierwszoplanowym miastem w Ewangelii dzieciństwa według Mateusza jest Nazaret, miejscowość określa Jezusa i wskazuje na Jego godność mesjańską i poświęcenie Bogu.
EN
Human time, no matter to what culture or religion a man belongs, is filled with celebrations that give rhythm to his life and help him capture the essence of his existence. Also Christianity over the centuries worked out various forms of specific celebration. The goal of this text is to look at the character of celebrate in the fourth and fifth centuries and to determine how the Christian writers wrote about the celebration. The first sources that author considered are two ancient texts of Socrates of Constantinople (Socrates Scholasticus) and Sozomen (Salminius Hermias Sozomenus) with the same names: Historia Ecclesiastica. In both works there are little chapters, in which appear the mention of the celebration, the majority of them is associated with Feast of the Passover and The First Council of Nicaea, others occur mainly on the margins of the narrative. This is because the history of the Church is here treated primarily as ‘political’ history, shaped by the decisions of great personages of the Church. The most important conclusion that emerges from these two texts is the observation that the differences in the way of celebration are not a source of division, but most of all divisions for doctrinal reasons manifest themselves in a separate celebration. The second source is The Travels of Egeria, also called The Pilgrimage of Aetheria (Itinerarium Egeriae), a letter describing the author’s travel to the holy places. In her report Egeria devotes much attention to the description of those involved in the celebration of subsequent festivals. The modern reader is struck by the generosity of crowds gathered in prayer and their vivid faith that motivates them to make long prayers going for hours. Celebration of Christians in the fourth and fifth centuries was an expression of a vivid faith. Their religion permeated life in all dimensions, and determined the essence of who they were. It was touching the inexpressible, the main aim was above all communion with Christ and the Church. Originally Christians celebrated entirely in the community of the Church, which gives a more or less clear framework to all that can be considered for celebration.
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