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EN
The issue that is the main focus of this paper has not been of great interest to bibliology scholars. Even though one version of the Brest Bible, marked as B, was described quite thoroughly by Feliks Bentkowski already two hundred years ago, catalogue descriptions have until today been based upon the scheme formulated by Karol Estreicher Sr. He identified three versions of the Brest Bible, which differ only in the title page. The fact is, there are only two versions A and B in existence, which differ in the first quire (*) or (very rarely) in the first two quires (*, **). The quires of version B were established to have been printed in the 1580s or 1590s in Jan Karcan’s press in Vilnius. Apparently, a certain number of the Old Testament quires A–Y were typeset and printed in Brest in 1563. There is only one extant complete copy of it with the newly printed quires, whereas in the remaining dozen or so copies that have survived it is only one, or rarely, two quires, and sometimes only single sheets. The search for the Bible versions also made it possible to compile a list of 135 copies of the Brest Bible stored today in public, monastic and church collections in Europe and North America.
EN
The introduction presents the next stage in the research on the Brest Bible. It is the result of the conference organized in Brest in 2015, which was a continuation of a symposium that was also held in Brest to commemorate the 450th anniversary of the Radziwiłł Bible. The author presented main avenues of research on the Brest treasure and surveyed the themes of papers delivered by the participants. Their articles are included in the present volume of “Tematy i Konteksty”
EN
This paper is an attempt at drawing attention to the first Protestant translation of the whole Bible into Polish, which is traditionally known as Brest Bible or Radziwill Bible, in terms of its significance and place in the history of Polish language. The first part of this work is the introduction of some basic data from the field of origins, history and the state of previous philological research into Brest Bible. The second part of the paper shows the role of the translation in the process of shaping the characteristics of Polish biblical style and the way in which the translators used the richness and potential of the Polish language in the Renaissance. As the source material to complete the research task the author of the paper used some chosen areas of the language in Brest Bible, which included lexis and fixed expressions.
EN
Cyprian Bazylik was a Renaissance poet, printer in Brest Litovsk, translator, and composer strongly associated with the house of Radziwiłł. He wrote in Polish language. The article discusses two poems from the year 1566, dedicated by Bazylik to the late Mikołaj ‘the Black’ Radziwiłł (January 1566) and the living Mikołaj ‘the Red’ Radziwiłł (June 1566). Both poems are one of the oldest examples of panegyric poetry in Polish language in the Great Duchy of Lithuania and they were not analized before from religious point of viev. They are contained within the editorial framework of two publications, edited by Tomasz Falconius, a Lithuanian adherent of antitrinitarianism, which are editions of parts of the Brest Bible and which were published by Bazylik in the Brest printing house. In both texts, the panegyric content is surprisingly perfunctory, while Bazylik (known as a reformed Evangelical) appears in them as an unambiguous adherent of antitrinitarianism. The poems are an interesting testimony to the situation of the Polish Brethren in Lithuania after the death (in 1565) of the patron of this religious belief, Mikołaj ‘the Black’ Radziwiłł. Unusual tone of the poem dedicated to Radziwiłł the Red – Bazylik asks for help and in the same time submits religious threats – shows the bad situation of Lithuanian antitrinitarians which happened in the period of half a year. But it also shows the high self-dignity of the poet.
PL
Cyprian Bazylik to renesansowy poeta, drukarz w Brześciu Litewskim, tłumacz i muzyk silnie związany z domem Radziwiłłowskim. Tworzył w języku polskim. Artykuł poświęcony jest dwu wierszom z roku 1566, dedykowanych przez Bazylika zmarłemu Mikołajowi Radziwiłłowi Czarnemu i żyjącemu Mikołajowi Radziwiłłowi Rudemu. Są jednymi z najstarszych polskojęzycznych wierszy panegirycznych na Litwie i nie były dotąd analizowane z religijnego punktu widzenia. Oba utwory znajdują się w ramie wydawniczej dwu druków, opracowanych przez Tomasza Falconiusa, litewskiego antytrynitarza, będących edycjami części Biblii brzeskiej i wydanych w oficynie brzeskiej przez Bazylika. Treści panegiryczne są w obu tekstach poetyckich zaskakująco zdawkowe, natomiast ujawnia się w nich Bazylik (znany jako ewangelik reformowany) jako niedwuznaczny zwolennik antytrynitaryzmu. Utwory te są ciekawym świadectwem sytuacji, w jakiej znaleźli się bracia polscy na Litwie po śmierci (1565) protektora tego wyznania Radziwiłła Czarnego. Niezwykły ton wiersza skierowanego do Mikołaja Rudego – zarazem prośby i religijne groźby – świadczy zarówno o złej sytuacji antytrynitarzy litewskich (musiała się ona pogorszyć w ciągu pół roku) jak i o wysokim poczuciu godności własnej poety.
RU
Цыпрыян Базылік – польскамоўны рэнесансавы паэт, берасцейскі друкар, перакладчык і музыкант, цесна звязаны з родам Радзівілаў. У артыкуле разглядаюцца два вершы Базыліка з 1566 года, прысвечаныя Радзівілу Рудаму і памерламу Радзівілу Чорнаму. Гэта адны з першых польскамоўных панегірычных вершаў у Вялікім Княстве Літоўскім, але яны ніколі не аналізаваліся з рэлігійнай перспектывы. Абодва творы ўвайшлі ў прадмоўна-пасляслоўны комплекс двух друкаў, падрыхтаваных літоўскім антытрынітарыям Томашам Фальконіўсам, якія зʼяўляюцца перавыданнямі асобных частак Брэсцкай Бібліі і апублікаваныя Базылікам у брэсцкай друкарні. Панегірычны змест абодвух паэтычных тэкстаў надзвычай лаканічны, затое Базылік (вядомы як кальвініст) раскрываецца ў іх як перакананы прыхільнік антытрынітарызму. Гэтыя творы зʼяўляюцца цікавым сведчаннем сітуацыі, у якой апынуліся „польскія браты” на Літве пасля смерці ў 1565 г. пратэктара гэтага веравызнання Радзівіла Чорнага. Нязвыклая інтанацыя верша, скіраванага да Мікалая Рудага – адначасова просьба і пагроза – сведчыць як пра цяжкую сітуацыю антытрынітарыяў у Літве (мусіла пагоршыцца за поўгода), так і пра абвостранае пачуццё ўласнай годнасці паэта.
EN
The aim of the article is to present and analyze two sixteenth-century, nontrinitarian publications (The Matters and Words of Jesus Christ and The Second Book of St Luke by Thomas Falconius) which were created in close connection with the Brest Bible in 1566. The first part contains general information about the physical attributes of the works, showing typographical associations with the Brest Bible. Then, I present the work’s editorial layout and binding, regarding them as a valuable source of knowledge about Brest as a publishing centre in the sixteenth century. The final part contains an analysis of the most important doctrinal (nontrinitarian) theses posed by Thomas Falconius.
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EN
This paper presents the connection between selected Polish biblical translations and the national and personal history of Polish people (14th–18th century). The history of Florian Psalter (14th/15th century) and that of Queen Sophia’s Bible (15th century) are related to the beginning of the Jagiellonian dynasty. The first printed biblical text in Polish (Prologue to the Gospel according to St. John, 1518/1519) and editions of the New Testament translated by Stanisław Murzynowski (1551–1553) testify to the development of Polish orthography. Both, the woodcuts of the Leopolita’s Bible (1561, 1575/1577) and the notes to the commentary on the Acts of the Apostles by Tomas Falconius (1566) give an account of the tumultuous history of Polish Reformation. The dedication in the second edition of Leopolita’s Bible (1975) and its alteration in 1577 attest to the failure of the first free royal election in Poland. The manuscript notes in Wrocław copy of Simon Budny’s Bible (1572) constitute an eyewitness account of the collapse of Poland at the end of 18th century. Whereas, the manuscript notes in the translation of Psalter by W. Wróbel constitute a chronicle of the Wilieziński family. Therefore, while talking about the history of Polish biblical translations one can talk about the history of Poland as a country, at the same time.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje związek wybranych polskich przekładów biblijnych z narodową i osobistą historią Polaków (XIV–XVI wiek). Dzieje Psałterza Floriańskiego (XIV–XV wiek) i Biblii Królowej Zofii (XV wiek) są związane z początkami dynastii Jagiellonów. Pierwszy druk biblijny po polsku (Prolog do Ewangelii według św. Jana, 1518/1519) oraz edycje Nowego Testamentu w tłumaczeniu Stanisława Murzynowskiego (1551–1553) świadczą o rozwoju polskiej ortografii. Ilustracje do Biblii Leopolity (1561, 1575/1577) i dopiski do komentarzy do Dziejów Apostolskich Tomasza Falconiusa (1566) opowiadają o burzliwych dziejach polskiej Reformacji. Dedykacja drugiego wydania Biblii Leopolity i jej zmiana są świadectwem fiaska pierwszej wolnej elekcji. Rękopiśmienne dopiski we wrocławskim egzemplarzu Biblii Szymona Budnego (1572) opowiadają o upadku I Rzeczypospolitej. Rękopiśmienne zapiski w Żołtarzu w tłumaczeniu Walentego Wróbla (1528) są kroniką rodziny Wiliezińskich. Opowiadając historię polskich przekładów biblijnych, można opowiedzieć historię Polski.
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