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Polish-Turkish relations in the 19th and 20th centuries: The struggle for independence and modernization

100%
Mierzwa J.
Journal of Economics and Management
|
2015
|
vol. 20A
5-21
EN
2014 marked the 600th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Poland and Turkey. The related celebration has been perceived as a way to broaden bilateral relations between the two nations, as collaboration has not fully achieved its economic potential. The past 200 years of Polish-Turkish relations depicted in this article stand as a remarkable example of cooperation between two different cultures and traditions. Recent Polish-Turkish relations as seen in a broader European context represent the emergence of a “new beginning” of opportunity for both nations. Poland has a chance to become an intermediary nation between the EU and Turkey and to be involved in the creation of a new type of relationship between Turkey and the EU.
2
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Cooperation at the Institutional and Bilateral Level of the European Union and Central Asia

94%
Pazdej M.
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
|
2018
|
issue 12
267-279
PL
W niniejszym artykule analizie poddano zakres współpracy na poziomie instytucjonalnym i bilateralnym Unii Europejskiej i Azji Centralnej. Mimo systematycznego zacieśniania współpracy Brukseli z republikami byłego ZSRR, nadal brakuje jednoznacznego określenia rzeczywistych, długookresowych interesów Unii Europejskiej w regionie. Zasadniczym problemem rozwoju współpracy jest silne rozdrobnienie działań unijnych w pięciu różnych republikach Azji Centralnej. W związku z tym wskazuje się konieczność poprawy wymiany informacji, zwiększenia kontroli i koordynacji, a także ograniczenia zakresu tematycznego podejmowa­nych inicjatyw. Istnieją potencjalne możliwości dywersyfikacji źródeł surowców energetycz­nych, które występują w regionie Azji Centralnej.
EN
This article analyzes the scope of cooperation at the institutional and bilateral level of the European Union and Central Asia. Despite the systematic tightening of cooperation between Brussels and the republics of the former USSR, there is still a lack of unambiguous definition of real long-term interests of the European Union in the region. The fundamental problem of cooperation development is a strong fragmentation of EU activities in five different republics of Central Asia. Therefore, there is a need to improve the exchange of information, increase control and coordination, as well as limit the thematic scope of undertaken initiatives. There are potential diversification opportunities for energy sources that exist in the Central Asia region.
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