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EN
The history of efforts to create theTurnicki National Park on Przemyskie Foothills (Eastern Carpathians) dates back to the early nineties of the last century. The State Council for the Protection of Nature in Warsaw responded positively to the proposals developed in 1992-1993 to create the park. However, because of the objections of local authorities in Bircza, Fredropol and Ustrzyki Dolne, as well as to the reluctance of foresters, this initiative did not reached its expected conclusion. After almost 20 years, the National Council for the Protection of Nature in Warsaw returned to the matter. During the meeting of the the National Council held in Przemysl on 15-16 September 2011, it was decided that there was a need to continue the efforts of issuing concrete proposals for action to the Minister of Environment.
EN
In the spring of 1945, owing to the increasing activity of Ukrainian nationalists in south-eastern Poland, a lot of self-defense groups started to appear, and in many cases guerilla groups, whose main purpose was not fighting with the new authorities but protecting local people from the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. The groups, on account of their make-up and their previous conspiracy connections were mostly negative about the Communist authorities and the presence of the Red Army. Nevertheless, due to the ongoing hostilities Polish guerilla groups avoided direct clashes with the Red Army, limiting themselves to actions aimed at protecting the members of the underground independence movement, releasing prisoners and eliminating the functionaries who were particularly involved in exposing and fighting the Polish underground. The purpose of the article is filling a gap in the historiography of the underground independence and national movement in the Przemyśl powiat in the first half of 1945, presenting one such group which was formed at the end of winter 1945 and operated for several months, mainly in the area of Bircza.
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