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The Violence of Duality in Adrienne Kennedy’s Funnyhouse of a Negro

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Ha Q. M., Hogan C.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

2018

issue 27/1

121-134

Adrienne Kennedy’s psychodrama Funnyhouse of a Negro personifies in her protagonist, Sarah, the internalized racism and mental deterioration that a binary paradigm foments. Kennedy also develops the schizoid consciousness of Sarah to accentuate Sarah’s hybridized and traumatized identity as an African American woman. Kennedy’s play was controversial during the Black Arts Movement, as she refrained from endorsing black nationalist groups like Black Power, constructing instead a nightmare world in which race is the singular element in defining self-worth. In her dramatized indictment of both white supremacy and identity politics, American culture’s pathologized fascination with pigmentation drives the protagonist to solipsistic isolation, and ultimately, to suicide. Kennedy, through the disturbed cast of Sarah’s mind, portrays a world in which race obsession triumphs over any sense of basic humanity. The play urges the audience to accept the absurdity of a dichotomized vision of the world, to recognize the spectral nature of reality, and to transcend the devastation imposed by polarizing rhetoric.

Homeward Dove: Nomadism, “World”-Travelling, and Rita Dove’s "Homecoming(s)"

72%

Kamionowski J.

Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

2013

issue 3

12-21

This article focuses on the question of changing landscapes in Rita Dove’s poetry, and its strict connection with her redefinition of the identity and role of a black poet. A constant movement through various sceneries in terms of space, culture and intellectual concerns is a distinguishing feature of Dove’s poetry. My analysis of her poems sets into motion an interplay of concepts such as: Lugones’s “world”-travelling, Braidotti’s nomadism, Frye’s arrogant perception, Kent's legitimate universal and Ellis's cultural mulatto-ism. The purpose of this strategy is to demonstrate that Dove’s poetry permanently operates between the poles of nomadism and homecoming(s), where the two terms are not perceived as antinomical and mutually exclusive but as dialectical, mutually complementary. As a result, Dove avoids being pigeonholed as either an integrationist or separatist poet, transcending the traditional binary critical categories of classifying American black poets.

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1 Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

1 Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

1 2018

1 2013

1 Ha Q. M.

1 Hogan C.

1 Kamionowski J.

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The Violence of Duality in Adrienne Kennedy’s Funnyhouse of a Negro

Homeward Dove: Nomadism, “World”-Travelling, and Rita Dove’s "Homecoming(s)"