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Judaistyczne tło Modlitwy Pańskiej (Mt 6,9-13) w świetle idei ojcostwa Bożego w Kazaniu na Górze

100%

Rosik M.

Verbum Vitae

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2011

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vol. 20

115-138

EN

The idea of God’s fatherhood seems very obvious in the Sermon on the Mount. Jesus presents God as the Father who wants all what is good for all His children and invites all His children for a deep, spontaneous and intimate relationship with Him. The idea of God’s fatherhood is present especially in the prayer which Jesus taught His disciples. The “Our Father” is a Christian prayer but it has Jewish roots. Jesus was a Hebrew and prayed according to Jewish faith. The structure of “Our Father” is as follows: invocation followed by seven requests. The contents of the prayer reveal many references to Jewish prayers, known already at the time of Jesus (Abinu malkenu, Kaddish, Shemoneh Esreh). The similarities between “Our Father” and various prayers of the Jews do not exclude uniqueness of the prayer which Jesus taught His disciples. The idea of God’s fatherhood is present also in other parts of the Sermon on the mountain: the blessings of the peacemakers (Mt 5,9), the role of the disciples (Mt 5,13-16), love for enemies (Mt 5,43-45); the call to follow Christ (Mt 5,48); the Father who sees in secret (Mt 6,1-6.1618); Father’s forgiveness (Mt 6,14-15); Father’s care (Mt 6,25-34); Father’s goodness (Mt 7,7-11) and God’s fatherly will (Mt 7,21). All these passages, just like the prayer “Our Father”, underline the importance of filial trust in God as the Father.

PL

The idea of God’s fatherhood seems very obvious in the Sermon on the Mount. Jesus presents God as the Father who wants all what is good for all His children and invites all His children for a deep, spontaneous and intimate relationship with Him. The idea of God’s fatherhood is present especially in the prayer which Jesus taught His disciples. The “Our Father” is a Christian prayer but it has Jewish roots. Jesus was a Hebrew and prayed according to Jewish faith. The structure of “Our Father” is as follows: invocation followed by seven requests. The contents of the prayer reveal many references to Jewish prayers, known already at the time of Jesus (Abinu malkenu, Kaddish, Shemoneh Esreh). The similarities between “Our Father” and various prayers of the Jews do not exclude uniqueness of the prayer which Jesus taught His disciples. The idea of God’s fatherhood is present also in other parts of the Sermon on the mountain: the blessings of the peacemakers (Mt 5,9), the role of the disciples (Mt 5,13-16), love for enemies (Mt 5,43-45); the call to follow Christ (Mt 5,48); the Father who sees in secret (Mt 6,1-6.1618); Father’s forgiveness (Mt 6,14-15); Father’s care (Mt 6,25-34); Father’s goodness (Mt 7,7-11) and God’s fatherly will (Mt 7,21). All these passages, just like the prayer “Our Father”, underline the importance of filial trust in God as the Father.

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Natura Boga a płeć człowieka

80%

Kunka S.

Roczniki Teologiczne

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2015

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vol. 62

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issue 2: Teologia dogmatyczna

207-226

EN

The man and woman are expressed by their sex, not only on the biological level, but personal level. They by their sex may form communio personarum. On this principle also the human sexuality participates in image and likeness of man to God. By their sex is given to people the gift of motherhood and fatherhood that originates in God. The man is the image of his Creator, but the divine nature transcends all creatures. In the Old and the New Testament God reveals himself to man, using the human language, terms and images. The theological language often uses an analogy. The Sacred Scriptures give the attributes masculine or feminine to God and compare God's love to a love of father or of mother, doing that by the analogy. This likeness accompanies a no-likeness, because God always is a Different One. The divine fatherhood and motherhood is not the same level as the human procreation. God is among a man's sexuality. The biblical language, and also the language of theology, uses the anthropomorphic categories. The theology says about the eternal generating, that is an element of the interior God's life. This generating among sexuality is not masculine nor feminine. This generating in its very nature is divine. Also the divine fatherhood is among human things. Christ, the Son of God, reveals God as Father in ultra-corporeal meaning. That is the divine meaning. In Sacred Scriptures, too, the God's love is compared to a mother's love. The Sacred Scriptures don't call God Mother, but Father. That is in the text of prayers in the Old Testament and in the Gospel (cf. Mk 14:36). God is pure spirit in which there is no place for the difference between the sexes (CCC 370). However the man, being the image of God, realizes that as the person by his sex: as mother or as father. In marriage by communio personarum the male and the female most clearly show that they are created in the image and likeness of the One God in the Holy Trinity. The divine fatherhood is the source of human being mother or father. This is why the child as a priority is the child of God, because only God gives the life and each man is created directly in His divine image. The genealogy of each human person has the source in God and only in His fatherly arms can be perfection (cf. Lk 23:46 and Eph 1:20). The man possesses knowingly the love from the Holy Trinity, when in Spirit, with a humility and a trust, calls God: our Father... The man has learned it through the Son of God.

PL

Mężczyzna i kobieta są określeni przez swoją płeć nie tylko na poziomie biologicznym, ale osobowym. Dzięki niej mają zdolność tworzenia communio personarum. Na tej zasadzie także ludzka płciowość uczestniczy w obrazie i podobieństwie człowieka do Boga. Poprzez płeć zostaje udzielony ludziom dar macierzyństwa lub ojcostwa, który swe źródło ma w Bogu. Człowiek jest obrazem swego Stwórcy, ale natura Boga przewyższa wszelkie stworzenia. W Starym i Nowym Testamencie Bóg objawia się człowiekowi, posługując się ludzkim językiem, pojęciami i obrazami. Także język teologii często posługuje się analogią. Gdy Pismo św. nadaje Bogu cechy męskie lub żeńskie, kiedy porównuje miłość Boga do miłości ojca lub matki, to czyni to przez analogię. Użyte porównanie idzie w parze z nie-podobieństwem, gdyż Bóg zawsze jest Inny. Boże ojcostwo i macierzyństwo nie są tego samego poziomu co ludzkie rodzicielstwo. Bóg jest ponad płciowością. Język Biblii, a za nim język teologii, posługuje się kategoriami antropomorficznymi. Mówi się zatem w teologii o odwiecznym rodzeniu, które stanowi element wewnętrznego życia Boga. Jest to rodzenie ponadpłciowe. Nie jest ani męskie, ani kobiece. Jest Boskie ze swej natury. Również o Bożym ojcostwie mówi się w nadludzkim sensie. Chrystus, Syn Boży, objawia Boga jako Ojca właśnie w znaczeniu ponadcielesnym, całkowicie Bożym. W Biblii są także obrazy miłości Boga porównane do miłości macierzyńskiej. Biblia jednak nie nazywa Boga Matką, ale właśnie Ojcem. Tak jest w tekstach modlitw Starego Testamentu i w przekazie Ewangelii (zob. Mk 14, 36). Bóg jest czystym duchem, w którym nie ma miejsca na różnicę płci (KKK 370), ale człowiek, będąc obrazem Boga, realizuje go osobowo poprzez swoją płciowość: jako matka albo ojciec. W związku małżeńskim poprzez communio personarum kobieta i mężczyzna najwyraźniej ujawniają, że są stworzeni na obraz i podobieństwo Jedynego Boga w Trójcy Świętej. Ojcostwo Boga jest źródłem ludzkiego bycia matką czy ojcem. Dlatego dziecko jest przede wszystkim dzieckiem samego Boga, bo wszelkie życie pochodzi jedynie od Boga, a każdy człowiek jest bezpośrednio na Jego obraz. Genealogia każdej osoby ludzkiej w Bogu znajduje swe źródło i tylko w Jego Ojcowskich ramionach może znaleźć dopełnienie (zob. Łk 23, 46 i Ef 1, 20). Człowiek świadomie czerpie z miłości Trójcy Świętej, gdy w Duchu, z pokorą i ufnością, woła do Boga: Ojcze nasz... Tego nauczył człowieka Boży Syn.

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Ciężar ojcostwa w Księdze Ozeasza

80%

Szmajdziński M.

Verbum Vitae

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2011

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vol. 20

59-92

EN

In the Book of Hosea a noun "'ab" does not appły to the prophet or Yahweh, but an idea of their fatherhood occurs in the prophecy. The prophet was called to be a husband of the woman of whoredom and a father of the children of whoredom. Hosea accepted this calling and consequently remained in love with them. In this way he became an image of God's love for His people. In the marital and parental story of Hosea, Yahweh reveals His torn heart. It shows that He not only loves Israel, but also how does it. In the face of the continuous infidelity of the Chosen People, God's love must be stronger than human sin. It was shown in the image of patemal and motherly love, it signifies complete love which was expressed in a human way in the Book of Hosea. Yahweh always forgives, loves and gives new life. In spite of the fact that Israel is really "the son of whoredom" who rejects love and knowledge of God as his Father and Saviour, he still remains in the bonds of God's incomprehensible love and is called "the son of God".

PL

In the Book of Hosea a noun "'ab" does not apply to the prophet or Yahweh, but an idea of their fatherhood occurs in the prophecy. The prophet was called to be a husband of the woman of whoredom and a father of the children of whoredom. Hosea accepted this calling and consequently remained in love with them. In this way he became an image of God’s love for His people. In the marital and parental story of Hosea, Yahweh reveals His torn heart. It shows that He not only loves Israel, but also how does it. In the face of the continuous infidelity of the Chosen People, God’s love must be stronger than human sin.It was shown in the image of paternal and motherly love, it signifies complete love which was expressed in a human way in the Book of Hosea. Yahweh always forgives, loves and gives new life. In spite of the fact that Israel is really “the son of whoredom” who rejects love and knowledge of God as his Father and Saviour, he still remains in the bonds of God’s incomprehensible love and is called “the son of God”.

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2 Verbum Vitae

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1 Rosik M.

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Judaistyczne tło Modlitwy Pańskiej (Mt 6,9-13) w świetle idei ojcostwa Bożego w Kazaniu na Górze

Natura Boga a płeć człowieka

Ciężar ojcostwa w Księdze Ozeasza