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1

„PIĄTA DROGA” ŚW. TOMASZA Z AKWINU W FORMALIZACJACH J.M. BOCHEŃSKIEGO I P. WEINGARTNERA

100%

Porwolik M.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2013

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vol. 61

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issue 3

77-99

EN

The present state of research reveals that basically Fr. J.M. Bochenski (1902-1995) left three versions of the formalizations of St. Thomas Aquinas’ fifth way. The first version comes from the article Die fünf Wege, published in 1989, and the third one, which is unauthorized, from the book Gottes Dasein und Wesen. Logische Studien zur Summa Theologiae I, qq. 2-11, published in Munich in 2003. These works are completed by the second version from two manuscripts of the book: one German (1989) and one Polish (1993). The above mentioned texts have shown the contribution made by Fr. J.M. Bochenski into the realization of the intended application of the tools of contemporary logic in the field of philosophy of God as well as theology. One of the main followers of these ideas in Austria has been Paul Weingartner (born 1931). In 2010 he published God’s Existence? A Logical Commentary on the Five Ways of Thomas Aquinas, a book which makes direct references to J.M. Bochenski’s works, and like Bochenski’s work it is a logical commentary to certain fragments of St. Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae.

PL

Obecny stan badań wskazuje, że formalizacje piątej drogi św. Tomasza z Akwinu pozostawił o. J. M. Bocheński (1902-1995) zasadniczo w trzech wersjach. Pierwsza z nich pochodzi z artykułu zatytułowanego Die fünf Wege z 1989 r., trzecia (nieautoryzowana) z książki Gottes Dasein und Wesen. Logische Studien zur Summa Theolgiae I, qq. 2-11 wydanej w Monachium w 2003 r. Uzupełnieniem tych opracowań stanowi wersja druga, pochodząca z manuskryptów książki: jeden w języku niemieckim (1989 r.), drugi w polskim (1993 r.). Publikacje te ukazują wkład jaki poczynił o. J. M. Bocheński w realizację zamierzenia stosowania narzędzi współczesnej logiki na terenie filozofii Boga i teologii. Jednym z głównych, współczesnych kontynuatorów tych idei w Austrii jest Paul Weingartner (ur. 1931 r.). W roku 2010 opublikował on książkę: God’s Existence? A Logical Commentary on the Five Ways of Thomas Aquinas, która w wielu miejscach nawiązuje wprost do prac J. M. Bocheńskiego i tak jak praca tego ostatniego jest komentarzem logicznym do pewnych fragmentów Sumy Teologicznej św. Tomasza z Akwinu.

2

„Podręcznik mądrości tego świata” Józefa Marii Bocheńskiego

84%

Stanisławek J.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

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2021

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issue 71

237-263

PL

Autor poddaje analizie Podręcznik mądrości tego świata Józefa Marii Bocheńskiego, Tractatus ethico-praxeologicus, jak o nim pisze. Zalecenia podane w Podręczniku sytuuje na szerszym tle. W tym celu konstruuje „kwadrat prakseologiczny”. Jednym z wierzchołków kwadratu jest autohedonizm, postawa zachwalana przez Bocheńskiego. Trzy inne to perfekcjonizm, altruizm oraz kreatywizm. W tekście autor rozważa kolejno dyspozycje Bocheńskiego odnoszące się do a) losu, b) innych ludzi, c) zapanowania nad sobą. Jego zdaniem ich rozsądne zastosowanie pozwoli uniknąć wielu błędów życiowych. W sumie podane zalecenia stanowią fundament mądrości osobniczej. Ta jednak jest sprzeczna z mądrością społeczną, wyrażającą się w moralności i obyczajach. Na tym polega kontrowersyjność propozycji Bocheńskiego.

EN

The author analyses the Podręcznik mądrości tego świata [Handbook of Wisdom of the Ordinary World] written by Józef Maria Bocheński, or Tractatus ethico-praxeologicus, as he calls it. He places the recommendations given in the Handbook against a broader background. To this end, he creates a “praxeological square”. One of the square’s vertices is autohedonism, an attitude praised by Bocheński. Three others are perfectionism, altruism and creativism. The author subsequently considers Bocheński’s instructions regarding a) fate, b) other people, c) self-control. In his opinion, their reasonable use allows for avoiding many mistakes in life. In fact, the recommendations given are the foundation of individual wisdom. This, however, is contrary to social wisdom, expressed in morality and customs. That is the controversy of Bocheński’s proposal.

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J.M. Bocheński’s Understanding of the World and Logical-Algebraic Structures

71%

Wybraniec-Skardowska U.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

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2020

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issue 70

81-92

EN

This paper will focus on J.M. Bocheński’s inclination towards seeing the world and its logical structure from the point of view of ontology. Accordingly, on the basis of Bocheński’s selected utterances we will present and discuss the perception of the world proposed by the scholar, and then we will deal with questions pertaining to the logical structure of the world and examine a formal framework of this structure.

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Konserwatyzm czy rewolucja? Próba klasyfikacji ideowej środowiska „Buntu Młodych” i „Polityki” (1931–1939)

67%

Zakrzewski M.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2017

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issue 30

45-64

EN

The article describes the main points of political thinking of writers focused around “Bunt Młodych” (Rebel of the Young) – from 1937 called “Polityka” (Politics) magazine. In the 30s, when many of radical ideas were very popular, such authors as Adolf Bocheński, Aleksander Bocheński, Kazimierz Studentowicz or Ksawery Pruszyński tried to reform traditional conservative doctrine. Like many German or French conservative authors of that time, they were going to express traditional ideas in modern, in some way revolutionary, language. They constructed Polish version of imperial theory which connected geopolitical ideas of partition of Soviet Union (in cooperation with Third Reich) and modernization of Polish society and state. „The Rebel of the Young” Circle combined the intellectual achievement polish conservative thinkers as Michał Bobrzyński or Stanisław Koźmian with Stanisław Brzozowski’s thought who was one of the most important socialist thinker. In this way Jerzy Giedroyc (editor of the magazines) and his cooperators made an unique political doctrine that we could classify as form of conservative revolution.

5

Teologia jako nauka formalna

48%

Remisiewicz Ł.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2015

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vol. 32

113-142

EN

Among philosophers of science there are a lot of views about nature of theology in relate to others disciplines. In the article author defends an account according to which theology is a formal science. Firstly he introduces two necessary features of science: semantic exclusivity and practical egalitarianism. Next he examines theological definitions of theology and using Bocheński’s meaning partition he indicates that matter of theology has operative meaning, but not eidetic. In the face of this difficulty, author shows examples of theological researches and exposes its schemes. Furthermore, he presents a final conclusion that theological researches are nothing more than establishing mutual relations between a finite number of terms, in other words the creation of some new conceptual schemes that would be syntactically coherent and logically consistent with other, previously approved, conceptual schemes. Finally he indicates how theology bases on four kinds of rules of sentences’ transformation: rule of syntactic, sources, conclusion-formulating and assigning the truthfulness.

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Kategorie społeczne i ich znaczenie w myśli o. Józefa Marii Bocheńskiego OP

48%

Grzybowski J.

Rocznik Tomistyczny

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2020

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vol. 1

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issue 9

405-432

EN

Józef Innocenty Maria Bocheński was one of the most colourful figures of the 20th century Polish emigration. His eventful biography would have been sufficient to endow with it several people – Dominican father, logician, historian of philosophy, sovietologist, army chaplain, pilot and traveller, renowned lecturer and valued preacher, he was one of the most original and outstanding Polish intellectuals. As a scholar, lecturer and publicist he left a vast legacy. Thomism was a starting point of his academic journey (under supervision of Fr. Jacek Woroniecki), later on he devoted himself to logic and analytic philosophy. He described himself as a rationalist, analyst and exponent of objectivity. This rationalist trait was characteristic of Fr. Bocheński - he perceived all problems and issues through the lens of philosophical realism, cognitive objectivity and, in his earlier writings, from the standpoint of Thomism with its basic metaphysical categories. In his analyses Bocheński made Aristotelian realism his point of departure, claiming that a man as a person is essentially a social being because of his spiritual nature. A human being is a social being both in a negative („a man as a person cannot live without society because his full development will be impossible to achieve without it”) and positive sense („man is adapted to society, coexistence and cooperation with other people”). These bonds and relationships are so strong that sociability constitutes an essential feature of human nature. Society is therefore a group of human persons who share a common goal which is the common good. For Bocheński all individualistic approaches, in which a man is regarded as a monad minding his own interests and goals, who enters into relationships with other people solely for serving his utilitarian purposes, unable to satisfy his egoistic desires on his own, are false. In this view, deriving from Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau, an individual needs other people only due to his own insufficiency in achieving his aims. Hence the necessity of „social contract” that unites egoistic individuals - its legal validity begets community. Bocheński rejects as opposed to reality all divisions between individual and social nature of a man, in particular the social contract theory according to which society should be understood as the outcome of an agreement between people. The most difficult, but also the most interesting social issue tackled by Fr. Bocheński is an attempt to explain what a civilisation is. Writing about civilization Bocheński usually had in mind civilizational circle – a certain area inhabited by people who have certain common ideals. He generally omitted an important but also complex and differently solved by various thinkers problem of difference between civilization and culture and their mutual relationship. Clarifying the notion of civilization Bocheński pointed out that the distinction between the three kinds of civilization, namely „subjective civilization”, „material civilization”, and „model civilization” might prove helpful. In his opinion the relationship between material civilization and subjective civilization is such that the former is the result and consequence of the latter. If we acknowledge - Bocheński wrote - that the essence of a human being is some immortal substance (soul, conscience, intellect), it follows that a man cannot be a mere instrument, but he has always to be the objective. It means that no society, nation, state or another individual has a right to subordinate completely a human being. Model civilization based on personalistic ideals can be brought about by the meeting of Greek philosophy, Roman law and Christian Gospel. This encounter made it possible to discover the uniqueness of category of person and became one of the main foundations of Christian civilization. Affirmation of a person, as Bocheński argued, is one of the most important hallmarks of this ci-vilization, without which democracy in its modern sense could not have been born and would not be able to develop.

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2 Edukacja Filozoficzna

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1 Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

1 Rocznik Tomistyczny

1 Roczniki Filozoficzne

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1 Grzybowski J.

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