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„Iungit et sociat jedne członki i serca z dawności naszych” – o unii hadziackiej w 360 rocznicę. O unii hadziackiej raz jeszcze

100%

Chynczewska-Hennel T.

Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie

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2019

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vol. 6

39-51

PL

The title of the article was taken from a letter written by a group of senators and sent on May 17, 1657, to Bohdan Khmelnytsky. The letter expresses the hope that Khmelnytsky together with the Zaporozhian army will support a reunion with the Republic of Poland. Also in other contemporary sources, we talk about connecting and uniting, about the Christian community. The author also recalls a book titled 350th anniversary of the Union of Hadiach (1658–2008), edited by T. Chynczewska-Hennel, P. Kroll, and M. Nagielski (Warsaw 2008). This collection of post-conference articles is a synthetic account of the results of a historical research carried out by scientists from Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania, Italy, Canada, and France. All researchers combine topics related to the history of the Union of Hadiach. The problem of the Union of Hadiach is connected to many issues referred to in the article but above all with the fundamental issue: linking the history of Ukraine with the political goals of Russia.

2

The Role of the Religious Factor and Patriarch Nikon in the Unification of Ukraine and Muscovy

100%

Tairova-Yakovleva T.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2014

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vol. 110

EN

The reasons of the unification of Ukraine and Muscovy in 1654 are of great importance for historians. The judicial nature of the union has been the topic of various discussions and polemics. A detailed study of the issue was done by J. Bassarab in 1982.1 The modern Ukrainian historiography has done a lot in studying Khmelnytsky’s reasons for choosing Muscovy’s tsar. In this essay, I focus on another issue: What was the main reason for Tsar Alekseĭ Mikhaĭlovich to take Ukraine under his ‘high hand’? Did he actually think about a ‘reunification’ or ‘gathering of the Rus’lands’ (these ideas being quite popular in Russian historiography)? What was the role of the religious factor, Russian Orthodox Church and, particularly, Patriarch Nikon in the tsar’s decision? Why did Muscovy break the Polyanovka Treaty with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and started a war for Ukraine?

3

Issues related to the territorial location of the main events of the Battle of Zhovti Vody in 1648

86%

Soldatenko H.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2022

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vol. 1(33)

136-160

EN

The issue of determining the location of the main events of the Battle of Zhovti Vody in 1648 is considered. The Battle of Zhovti Vody, which changed the course of history not only in Ukraine and Poland but also in other European countries, is still poorly studied. There is no definitive answer to some key questions, such as the location of the « Urochishche Zhovti Vody», the place where the registered Cossacks joined Bohdan Khmelnitsky. Based on the analysis of sources and cartographic information, as well as a personal study of the area, the author draws conclusions about the location of the besieged Polish camp, the location of Kamenny Zaton. The author draws attention for the first time to special marks on one of the versions of the General Map of Ukraine by Guillaume Levasseur de Beauplan published by Willem Hondius in 1648, related to the Battle of Zhovti Vody. The study used a comparative analysis of historical maps and critical analysis of sources, regardless of the influence and authority of the authors. Identification and analysis of contradictions in the available empirical material led to the search for effective ways to eliminate them. As a result of the research, it became possible for the first time to locate the places of the main events of the beginning of the national liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people in the middle of the 17th century.

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Mariusz Robert Drozdowski, „My o nas i o innych. Szlachta Rzeczypospolitej wobec Kozaczyzny zaporoskiej w latach 1648–1659”, Instytut Badań nad Dziedzictwem Kulturowym Europy, Białystok 2015, ss. 480

72%

Chynczewska-Hennel T.

Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie

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2017

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vol. 4

PL

The book discusses the attitude of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth nobility to the Cossack problem in the second half of the 17th century. The chronological framework of the work is the period between the outbreak of the Khmelnytsky uprising up to the ratification of the Hadiach union by the sejm of the Commonwealth. The choice of this period made it possible to thoroughly analyze one of the key research subjects of the work, i.e. the evolution of views and attitudes among the nobility regarding the Cossack issue, and the factors affecting this process In the beginning of the book, I mostly concentrate on the determination of the nobility’s views concerning the motives for Cossacks’ armed revolt against the Commonwealth, which substantially affected the evaluation of the character of the uprising. Chapter two presents the main projects of solving the Cossack problem promoted by the contemporary Commonwealth authorities. Chapter three includes a discussion on the nobility’s attitude to the Cossack problem in the 1650–1654 period. Chapter four presents the circumstances which led to the Union of Hadiach, and opinions on that union prevalent among the nobility. It also discusses the main problems connected with the ratification of ghat agreement at the 1659 sejm.

5

Nieznana strona znanej wojny: głód w armiach koronnej i kozackiej w pierwszych latach powstania Bohdana Chmielnickiego

51%

Gavryliuk I.

Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny

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2019

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vol. XVI (2019)

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issue 2: „Jedno nierozdzielne i nieróżne ciało”. Studia z dziejów polsko-litewskiej Rzeczypospolitej, pod red. Artura Goszczyńskiego

115-132

PL

W artykule został przeanalizowany jeden z mało znanych aspektów powstania Bohdana Chmielnickiego – głód, który był zjawiskiem powszechnym zarówno w armii kozacko-tatarskiej, jak i polsko-litewskiej. Można wymienić kilka przyczyn podobnej sytuacji. Po pierwsze, to prawie całkowita ignorancja pytania zabezpieczenia żołnierza chociażby minimalną ilością żywności przez instytucje państwowe (dotyczy to zwłaszcza armii koronnej). Po drugie, to charakter i długotrwałość samej wojny, gdyż nieprzerywane działania wojenne, a także zniszczenie setek wiosek i miasteczek na współczesnej Ukrainie stworzyły sytuację, kiedy znalezienie oraz dostarczanie żywności dla ogromnych mas ludzi i zwierząt okazało się zadaniem bardzo skomplikowanym. Oddzielne jednostki w celu poszukiwania jedzenia dla żołnierzy i furażu dla koni musieli oddalać się na dziesiątki kilometrów od swoich sił głównych (dotyczyło to obu stron konfliktu). Po trzecie, to specyfika pewnych kampanii wojennych, na przykład blokada armii koronnej w Zbarażu latem 1649 r. Wszystkie wyżej wymienione czynniki doprowadzili do głodu po obu stronach konfliktu, więc nie dziwi, że opis tego nieszczęścia można znaleźć na stronach licznych ówczesnych źródeł, które były wykorzystane pod czas napisania tego artykułu.

EN

This article examines wide spread hunger among Cossack-Tatar and Polish-Lithuanian armies during Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s Uprising; a largely under researched topic. It argues that there were 3 main reasons of the hunger. Firstly, an almost complete absence of state institutions involvement in providing soldiers with necessary supplies contributed greatly to the problem (This was more relevant for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). Secondly, the destruction of hundreds of Ukrainian towns and villages made supplying the armies an extremely difficult task. Search parties from both sides had to travel tens of kilometres away from the main forces to look for food and fodder. Finally, the nature of individual campaigns also contributed to this situation, most notably the siege of Zbarazh in 1649. All the above factors led to devastating hunger on both sides of the conflict. Mentions of this hunger made it to the pages of multiple written sources used in this article.

RU

В данной статье рассмотрен малоизученный на сегодняшний день аспект восстания под предводительством Богдана Хмельницкого – голод, который был обыденным явлениям как для казацко-татарской, так и для польско-литовской армий. Причин подобной ситуации было несколько. Во-первых, это почти полное самоустранение государственных институций в вопросе обеспечения солдата хотя бы минимальным количеством продовольствия (разумеется, это более касалось армии Речи Посполитой). Во-вторых, это характер и продолжительность самой войны, когда беспрестанные военные действия, а также уничтожение сотен сел и местечек на украинских землях создали ситуацию, при которой снабжение провизией становилось архисложным заданием, а отряды для поиска еды для солдат и фуража для лошадей отходили на десятки километров от главных сил (это касалось обеих сторон конфликта). В-третьих, это специфика отдельных военных кампаний, например блокада коронной армии в Збараже летом 1649 р. Все эти факторы приводили к изнуряющему голоду, который испытали на себе солдаты с обеих сторон, что, соответственно, нашло свое отображение на страницах многочисленных источников, которые были использованы в данной статье

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„Iungit et sociat jedne członki i serca z dawności naszych” – o unii hadziackiej w 360 rocznicę. O unii hadziackiej raz jeszcze

The Role of the Religious Factor and Patriarch Nikon in the Unification of Ukraine and Muscovy

Issues related to the territorial location of the main events of the Battle of Zhovti Vody in 1648

Mariusz Robert Drozdowski, „My o nas i o innych. Szlachta Rzeczypospolitej wobec Kozaczyzny zaporoskiej w latach 1648–1659”, Instytut Badań nad Dziedzictwem Kulturowym Europy, Białystok 2015, ss. 480

Nieznana strona znanej wojny: głód w armiach koronnej i kozackiej w pierwszych latach powstania Bohdana Chmielnickiego