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PL
Recenzja poświęcona jest czterotomowej edycji „Dzieł wszystkich” wielkiego poety, Bolesława Leśmiana. Doczekał się on zbiorowego wydania swoich pism dopiero 75 lat po śmierci. W recenzji szczegółowo omówiono kolejne tomy edycji, wykazano opuszczenia, pomyłki i nieuzasadnione zmiany w tekstach utworów wprowadzone przez edytora. Konkluzją jest myśl, że nadal czekamy na rzetelna edycję dzieł Leśmiana.
EN
The review discusses a four-volume edition of “Collected Works” of a great poet Bolesław Leśmian launched no sooner than 75 years after his death. The reviewer accurately presents each volume of the edition, points at omissions, mistakes and unjustified changes in the texts introduced by the editor. The paper concludes with the thought that we are still waiting for a conscientious edition of Leśmian’s works.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to present some motifs in Bolesław Leśmian’s Klechdy polskie. I am primarily interested in the fairytales’ poetics of economy related to the motifs of money and treasure. I also analyse the erotic desire which exceeds the traditional social order and the relationship between the word and object. All these motifs create Leśmian’s vision of reality, which cannot be included in the established cognitive and ethical rules.
EN
In her article the author describes different types of poetic images of the nature. Putting together Pan Tadeusz by Mickiewicz and Wspomnienie by Leśmian she focuses on so-called reflected images (which realize Mickiewicz’s principle “I see and describe”). The author puts together the stylistic and linguistic devices used by the poets. In the final part she briefly discusses the images created by the poets’ imagination.
EN
Marta Kaźmierczak’s book which is titled Przekład w kręgu intertekstualności. Na materiale tłumaczeń poezji Bolesława Leśmiana [“Translation and intertextuality: a study based on the translations of Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry”] is the first comprehensive monograph on Bolesław Leśmian’s poems that have been translated into English and Russian. The aim of the study is to examine how the “intertextual signals” from the source texts were translated into languages that are cognate with and distantly related to Polish. The author understands intertextuality as a significant relationship between a particular literary text and another text, a group of texts (e.g. philosophical), or cultural texts (e.g. a macrotext concerning Slavonic beliefs) that come before a given text in time. The intertextual elements in Leśmian’s poems are classified thematically, i.e. according to the domain to which they refer and based on the extent to which they are recognizable to those who have read the texts that are referred to.
Colloquia Litteraria
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2016
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vol. 21
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issue 2
189-195
PL
The book about Bolesław Leśmian by Żaneta Nalewajk Leśmian międzynarodowy, relacje kontekstowe. Studia komparatystyczne [The International Leśmian, Contextual Relationships. Comparative Analysis] is an interesting attempt to look at the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian from the contextual perspective, which so far has been never attempted by Leśmian scholars. A detailed analysis taking into account homologies and filiations has been carried out. A novel approach has also been introduced, when Leśmian’s between the wars poetry has been shown to have been influences by contemporary authors.
EN
The complex and mysterious story of Bolesław Leśmian’s drama Vasilij Buslaev has led some scholars to doubt the very existence of the piece. The correspondence of Maksim Gor’kij may help to solve the mystery. The authoritative Russian writer acted as a reviewer when the decision to accept or reject this play for print was to be taken. Once Gor’kij had read the manuscript, the piece was returned to the author, who was informed that it would not be published. Unfortunately, its fate thereafter remains unknown.
EN
The paper surveys intertextual aspects of Bolesław Leśmian’s ballad Dziewczyna across translations into English and Russian (translation series), as well as Czech and German (single renditions). Thematic intertextuality connected with the fairy-tale convention and specific references to philosophical concepts (Descartes, Kant) are discussed. Dialogic relations absent from the original but activated in translations are also indicated (e.g. a Biblical context). The following aspects influencing the rendition of dialogic signals are considered important: metrical restrictions, the unwieldiness of the canonic formulation of intertexts for poetic appropriation, the skill and worldviews of the translators. Thanks to the numerous translations of the ballad, we can ascertain whether awareness and prioritizing of referential qualities change with time, target culture and the translators’ backgrounds.
EN
The article examines the reception of Bolesław Leśmian’s translated works in Bulgaria: the main characteristics of his poetry, the poems that have been translated in Bulgarian. It points out the difficulties in translating XX century Polish poetry in Bulgarian.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest recepcji przekładów poezji Bolesława Leśmiana w Bułgarii: głównym cechom jego poetyckiego warsztatu oraz formalnym charakterystykom tekstów przetłumaczonych na język bułgarski. Autorka wskazuje na trudności na które napotykają w Bułgarii tłumacze polskiej poezji dwudziestowiecznej.
EN
The present article aims to study The Black Goat by Bolesław Leśmian in view of its intertextual dialogue with the antique model of metamorphic literature: Metamorphoses, or The Golden Ass by Apuleius. Although the fairy tale was published in a volume entitled Polish Fairy Tales, it is partially based on foreign sources that the author cleverly hid behind other Polish stories. The comparison of The Black Goat with The Golden Ass shows that the Polish poet drew inspiration mainly from Apuleius’s novel, in which a man is also transformed into a stubborn animal. The symbolism of colours and light, which Leśmian modernized and adapted for the modern Polish reader, confirms this hypothesis. Comparative work on both texts helps to understand Leśmian’s reinterpretation of the concept of metamorphosis and his contribution to the reflection on this topic.
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EN
It seems that Bolesław Leśmian could anticipate the contemporary critical reflection on disability (disability studies). According to Tymoteusz Karpowicz, the poetry of the author of The Beggar’s Ballad [Ballada dziadowska] can be read, among other things, as a defence of being what you are and not necessarily what you want to be. This thesis is intended to serve as a starting point to look more closely at some of Leśmian’s characters as well as his concept of the community, which was marked by imperfections. Following Leśmian, I am interested in the infirmity as an essential part of life manifested in fragile and frail forms. In this context, I also describe the borderline of ridiculousness and tragedy explored by the poet. This article draws primarily on two parodies: The Beggar’s Ballad [Ballada dziadowska] by Bolesław Leśmian (entering into dialogue with The Water Nymph of Świteź [Świtezianka] by Adam Mickiewicz) and The Linden Tree [Lipa] by Artur Maria Swinarski, referring to the mentioned Leśmian’s ballad, but also to the main themes of his work.
PL
Wydaje się, że Bolesław Leśmian mógł antycypować współczesną krytyczną refleksję nad niepełnosprawnością (disability studies). Za Tymoteuszem Karpowiczem poezję autora Ballady dziadowskiej odczytywać można między innymi jako obronę bycia tym, czym się jest, a niekoniecznie tym, czym by się chciało być. Teza ta jest punktem wyjścia do tego, by raz jeszcze bliżej przyjrzeć się niektórym Leśmianowskim postaciom, a także proponowanej przez poetę koncepcji wspólnoty – wspólnoty naznaczonej niedoskonałościami. Za Leśmianem, interesuje mnie ułomność jako istotna część życia manifestującego się w formach kruchych i obarczonych wadami. A w tym kontekście także – eksplorowane przez poetę pogranicze śmieszności i tragizmu. W artykule omawiane są przede wszystkim dwie parodie: Leśmianowska Ballada dziadowska (dialogująca ze Świtezianką Adama Mickiewicza) i Lipa Artura Marii Swinarskiego, nawiązująca do wspomnianej ballady Leśmiana, ale i głównych wątków jego twórczości.
EN
The Savagery of Posthumous Moreshas been present in the studies of Bolesław Leśmian’s works for years, but it was not until 2014 that the first edition of the work prepared on the basis of the manuscripts was published in Dariusz Pachocki’s issue. This fact prompts further attempts to analyse and interpret the work. It contains themes, motives and shots known from Leśmian’s lyrics, ballades and mimic dramas, namely playing life in the underworld, a love triangle, nature, fog, darkness, and God’s absence. The recurrences of certain elements point to the anthropological and ontological issues which were of crucial importance in Leśmian’s worldview.
PL
Zdziczenie obyczajów pośmiertnych od lat jest obecne w badaniach twórczości Bolesława Leśmiana, jednak dopiero w 2014 roku ukazała się pierwsza przygotowana na podstawie rękopisów edycja utworu w opracowaniu Dariusza Pachockiego. Wydarzenie to skłania do podjęcia kolejnych prób analizy i interpretacji dzieła. Utwór zawiera tematy, motywy oraz ujęcia znane z liryki, ballad i dramatów mimicznych Leśmiana, jak odgrywanie życia w zaświatach, miłosny trójkąt, natura, mgła, mrok, nieobecność Boga. Nawroty pewnych elementów wskazują na ważną w światopoglądzie Leśmiana problematykę antropologiczną i ontologiczną.
EN
In this paper, on the material of Bolesław Leśmian’s poetic texts, the phenomenon of a fearful feeling of being watched by someone/something is analysed. This phenomenon is known as scopophobia, related to Medusa complex or Truman syndrome, which is a way by Poet to disclose a horror due to a sense of being trapped by Being? Nothingness? Absolute? A mysterious Spectator? An ancient fright that we are just damselflies in someone’s follicle; sometimes a paranoid fear of surveillance, of being manipulated. He is close in his assessments to Foucault’s consciousness expressed by the equation: visibility is a trap. However, Leśmian’s scopophobia as a denial of one’s reflection in the eye — it’s also a suicide, choice of death, nothingness, a non–existence. It is an attempt of the Poet to escape from incapacitation of control over an individual, a strategy of resistance chosen by Leśmian’s queers, who would otherwise be affected by aggression, or exclusion.
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2020
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vol. 15
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issue 1
EN
The text presents an interpretation of poetical pieces by Bolesław Leśmian and Leopold Staff with the same title: Pszczoły (“The Bees”). What constitutes the departure point for the said analyses is a prolific metaphor theme that has been present in interpretative discourse since Antiquity, namely that of the “bee-poet”, but also identifying those insects with the Death, the mystery of existence, and with the being, all of which facilitates the reading of these two forgotten poems of Polish modernism in terms of the sacred (sacrum) and existence as well as the identity of beings (the latter category is referred to in interpretation via the ship of Theseus paradox).
PL
Artykuł stanowi analizę i interpretację dziewięcioczęściowego cyklu poetyckiego „Z księgi przeczuć” Bolesława Leśmiana, opublikowanego w 1902 roku w „Chimerze”, oraz kilku innych jego wczesnych utworów. Wychodząc od kończącego cykl „Epilogu”, którego podmiot porównuje się do Boga płonącego „na Synaju”, autor przeanalizował występujące w cyklu motywy świetlne, co pozwoliło potwierdzić sąd Anny Czabanowskiej-Wróbel, że Leśmian inspirował się mistyką żydowską, a także doprecyzować go o konteksty maranizmu (wraz z ojcem poeta dokonał konwersji w wieku dziewięciu lat) oraz postsekularnej refleksji nad zeświecczeniem. Zaproponowane zostały dwa sposoby lektury cyklu: linearny, w którym jawi się on jako narracja o przemianie tożsamości, oraz koncentryczny, w którego świetle jego centralnym, choć ukrytym tematem okazuje się problem zapomnienia i zmiany imienia.
EN
The paper is an analysis and interpretation of a nine-part Bolesław Leśmian’s poetic cycle “Z księgi przeczuć” (“From the Book of Premonitions”), published in 1902 in “Chimera”, and of a few other early pieces by the poet. Starting with “Epilog” (“Epilogue”) that completes the collection in which the speaking subject compares himself to God burning “on Sinai,” the author analyses the light motives present in the cycle, which leads to validate the opinion of Anna Czabanowska-Wróbel who states that Leśmian was inspired by Jewish mysticism, and to particularise this stance with Marranism (the poet at the age of nine converted with his father) and with a post-secular reflection upon secularising. The paper suggests two modes of reading of the cycle, namely a linear one in which it is viewed as a narration on identity transformation, and a concentric one in the light of which its central thought hidden topic is the problem of forgetting and changing name.
EN
The author attempts to demonstrate that the poem "Eliasz" by Bolesław Leśmian has cognitive character. She devotes a lot of attention to the connections between Leśmian poetry and realistic symbolism. Part of the article concerns the poet’s description of the netherworld. Furthermore, it inquires whether the poem accomplishes the ultimate pursuit of poetry – remaining open to one true reality, free of individualism and intellectual constraints. Eventually, the interpretation demonstrates how, through a detached protagonist – "Eliasz", Leśmian begins to doubt the power of poetry to bring one back to primeval cognitive context, to such state of mind where reality is experienced directly through intuition and imagination.
EN
The article interprets Leśmian’s poetic figure of home. It indicates emptiness, the sense of mourning after losing oneself, but paradoxically it also denotes renewal of life energy and the source of vitality. Here the lexical items such as “strangeness”, “alienation” and “emptiness” interact to form the fundamental concept of home. The author investigates the tensions between the contradictory states of existential uncertainty and the desire to be “at home” and to belong somewhere. Finally, Leśmian’s works illustrate the conviction that in this destabilized world it is through relating to others that we find stability, if only temporarily.
EN
This article presents a detailed analysis of the aesthetics contained in the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian. The point of departure for the discussion of poetry is a theoretical and literary essay entitled Thinking about Bergson. The poetic works are discussed in detail in terms of the quantitative and qualitative presence of the aesthetics of ugliness, with particular emphasis on images of impurities, and the aesthetics of kitsch and Camp.
PL
The essay discusses the topic of the city in Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry. Reading very few poems devoted to the city makes it possible to recognize the fragmentariness, dispersion and, in fact, absence of its image. The negative axiology and ontology of the city, expressed in Leśmian’s poetry, turns out to be an important contribution to understanding the fears and anxieties of modernity.
EN
The article shows how the visual-painting category of afterimage, which derives from Władysław Strzemiński’s concept, functions at the level of literature (in the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian) and literary studies, as an attempt to apply art concepts to the interpretation of verse. The text is experimental in that it suggests using afterimage as a tool of cognitive philosophy that enables the new meanings to be highlighted in reading the poetic works of Leśmian and in establishing the relations between the visual and the word.  
PL
The article shows how the visual-painting category of afterimage, which derives from Władysław Strzemiński’s concept, functions at the level of literature (in the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian) and literary studies, as an attempt to apply art concepts to the interpretation of verse. The text is experimental in that it suggests using afterimage as a tool of cognitive philosophy that enables the new meanings to be highlighted in reading the poetic works of Leśmian and in establishing the relations between the visual and the word.
EN
The essay presents an interpretation of Bolesław Leśmian’s poem entitled Topielec (The Drowned), which has already been the subject of interest of many different scholars. The author of the essay draws attention to the difference in editing which appeared in the second edition of the volume Łąka (The Meadow) from 1937. The first edition of the book from 1920 contains the word “bezświat” (unworld) in the phrase “bezświat zarośli” (unworld of thicket) and this version was commonly adopted in the subsequent editions and analyses of Leśmian’s poetry. The author of the essay argues that is is rather the version of the second edition, namely “bezświt” (non-dusk) in “bezświt zarośli” (non-dusk of thicket), that is in accord with the poetics of Leśmian’s verse and the idea of the work. In the interpretation in accordance with the 1937 edition Topielec is a poem about drowning in death and gradual losing of the soul.  
PL
Szkic prezentuje interpretację wiersza Bolesława Leśmiana Topielec, który wielokrotnie był przedmiotem zainteresowania badaczy. Autorka szkicu zwraca uwagę na różnicę edytorską, która pojawiła się w drugim wydaniu tomu Łąka z 1937 roku. W pierwszym wydaniu książki z roku 1920 wydrukowane jest słowo „bezświat” („bezświat zarośli”) i ta wersja przyjęta została powszechnie w kolejnych wznowieniach i opracowaniach poezji Leśmiana. Autorka szkicu ukazuje, że to raczej wersja drugiego wydania – „bezświt” („bezświt zarośli”) – zgodna jest z poetyką Leśmianowskich wierszy i zamysłem utworu. W interpretacji zgodnej z edycją z 1937 roku Topielec to wiersz o pogrążaniu w śmierci i stopniowym zatracaniu duszy.
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