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The Status of Women in the Soviet Union

100%

Darbaidze E., Niparishvili T.

Journal of Geography, Politics and Society

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2023

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vol. 13

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issue 1

1-10

EN

For centuries, many women have been at the forefront of the struggle for emancipation and political changes. Efforts at integrating the idea of emancipation into society was an important part of the Bolshevik ideology; thus, the October Revolution of 1917 brought women new hope and new expectations. The Soviet Union was the first country in the world to successfully open the door to new economic and educational opportunities for women. In 1917, the Bolshevik legislative initiatives provided them with full political and civil rights while new legislation made women legally equal to men. The constitution adopted in July 1918 secured the political and civil equality of women and men. However, the gender policy developed and implemented by Lenin significantly changed after his death. Until the second half of the 1930s, the Soviet Union remained the world leader in terms of providing women with equal rights. However, after the new leader of the Soviet Union, Stalin, came to power, the government policy on women and equality substantially transformed. During Stalin’s rule, the concept of “a new type of woman” was created. The early Bolshevik policy, which started with a radical liberal vision of individual freedom and women’s rights, devolved into an abyss of cynicism that burdened women with a disproportionate responsibility for unpaid work in the household. The purpose of this work is to study the role of women during the early Soviet period and to examine legal and political changes in women’s status. The study aims at explaining what the main goal of the Soviet gender policy was in fact, whether it actually changed the status of women and what crucial changes it ultimately brought to them. Using the method of content analysis, the content of official documents, press and scientific literature was analyzed. At the same time, attempts were made to identify and analyze the positive and negative results of the Soviet policy by applying the method of critical research.

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Japonia wobec rewolucji bolszewickiej w Rosji, 1917–1922

63%

Polit J.

Dzieje Najnowsze

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2017

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vol. 49

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issue 4

PL

Celem Japonii, jako jedynego alianckiego mocarstwa, nie była stabilizacja polityczna Rosji czy zmiana jej reżimu, ale osłabienie tego państwa i okrojenie go na Dalekim Wschodzie. Dążeniom tym sprzeciwiali się pozostali alianci, głównie Amerykanie i Brytyjczycy, co spowodowało fiasko japońskiej interwencji na Syberii.Japan was the only allied power that did not want political stability in Russia or a change of its regime, but weakening of this state and to eat into its territory in the Far East. Those aims were opposed by other allies, especially the Americans and the British, and in consequence this led to the failure of a Japanese intervention in Siberia.

3

Wykończymy tych Polaków na dobre...

51%

Odziemkowski J.

Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej

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2020

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issue 1(13)

7-18

EN

The paper presents the political situation in Central Europe after the First World War. In November 1918, Germany was in the flames of revolution. It was in the interest of the communists to link the Russian revolution with the beginning German revolution. But in the way of the Red Army’s march into Germany was Poland, rebuilding its sovereignty after 123 years of captivity. This meant that Poland had to disappear as an independent state - it could only exist as a Soviet Republic in a brotherly union with Russia. For the Bolshevik party, the question was not ‘whether’ but ‘when’ the liquidation of the independent Republic of Poland should take place. After the Bolsheviks defeat in the summer of 1920, Vladimir Lenin left no illusions that Poland had no right to exist and he would not rest until ‘we finished off these Poles for good!

PL

W artykule autor przedstawił sytuację polityczną po pierwszej wojnie światowej, jaka panowała w środkowej Europie. W listopadzie 1918 roku Niemcy ogarnął płomień rewolucji. W interesie wszechświatowego przewrotu leżało połączenie rewolucji rosyjskiej z rozpoczynającą się niemiecką. Na drodze marszu Armii Czerwonej do Niemiec leżała odbudowująca swoją państwowość po 123 latach niewoli Polska. Musiała zatem zniknąć jako państwo niepodległe – mogła istnieć wyłącznie jako Republika Rad w braterskim związku z Rosją. Przed partią bolszewicką nie stało pytanie „czy”, ale „kiedy” ma nastąpić likwidacja niepodległej Rzeczypospolitej. Po przegranej bolszewików latem 1920 roku Włodzimierz Lenin nie pozostawiał złudzeń, że Polska nie ma prawa istnieć, że on nie spocznie aż wykończy tych Polaków na dobre!

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1 Dzieje Najnowsze

1 Journal of Geography, Politics and Society

1 Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej

1 Darbaidze E.

1 Niparishvili T.

1 Odziemkowski J.

1 Polit J.

1 2023

1 2020

1 2017

The Status of Women in the Soviet Union

Japonia wobec rewolucji bolszewickiej w Rosji, 1917–1922

Wykończymy tych Polaków na dobre...