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PL
Do najtrwalej zakorzenionych przeświadczeń na temat twórczości Roberta Bressona należy to, że francuski twórca pokazuje na ekranie jedynie fragmenty, okruchy rzeczywistości, którym nie stara się nadawać całościowej formy. W związku z tym reżyser ma stosować przemilczenia najistotniejszych wydarzeń w sferze fabuły, bądź też obrazować przestrzenie oboczne w stosunku do tych, w których akurat dzieje się coś istotnego – sięga więc po chwyty elipsy narracyjnej i metonimii. W opozycji do tego autor stara się dowieść, że do najbardziej tajemniczych miejsc ostatniego dzieła Bressona „Pieniądz” (1983) (ale i w jakiejś mierze także do jego wcześniejszych filmów) kategoria elipsy i metonimii się nie stosuje. Lepsze rezultaty w wyjaśnianiu tych miejsc daje Lacanowska filozofia Nieobecnego. Ostrożnie stosowane narzędzia Lacanowskiej psychoanalizy (przefiltrowane przez pewne pomysły filmowe Slavoja Žižka) prowadzą do nieoczekiwanych wniosków, kłócących się z dotychczasowymi konkluzjami na temat Bressonowskiego materializmu i transcendentalizmu.
EN
One of the most rooted beliefs about Robert Bresson’s works is that what the French director shows on the screen are only fragments, scraps of reality, to which he does not attempt to give an overall form. Therefore, the director seems to conceal the most significant events in the plot, or to visualize the adjacent spaces in relation to those in which something important is just taking place. This is the reason why he is considered to use frequently the narrational ellipses and metonymies. On the contrary, the author of the article tries to prove that the category of ellipsis and metonymy does not apply to the most mysterious places of the last work by Bresson, “L’Argent” (1983), and – to some extent – to his earlier films as well. Better results in explaining these places are to be found in the Lacanian philosophy of the Absent. When used with care, the tools of the Lacanian psychoanalysis (filtered through some filmic ideas by Slavoj Žižek) lead to unexpected conclusions which clash with previous conclusions concerning Bresson’s materialism and transcendentalism.
EN
The author of this essay focuses on the films directed by Argentinean filmmaker Lisandro Alonso (La Libertad, Los Muertos, Fantasma and Liverpool). The article examines the specific film style, focusing on various forms of the cinematic realism. Firstly, the essay proposes the list of the Alonso’s potential protoplasts, confronts the Argentinean filmmaker with the film poetics conceived by Robert Bresson, Béla Tarr and Chantal Akerman. The author claims that the Alonso’s conception updates Bressonian idea of “cinematography”, although Argentinean director rejects the process of semiotic synthesis, instead proposing the uniqueness of the characters, the purest realism – ancillary to the landscape and the actor. Besides, Syska describes the distancing techniques used by Alonso, ellipsis in the film plot, the avoidance of the punchlines and the specific nature of the subjectivity located inside the classical objective narration (e.g. the analysis of a sleep scene from the movie La Libertad). The author also analyzes the temporal relations in Alonso’s films – using the term called “present tense progressive”.
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