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EN
Given Winston Churchill’s influence and achievement as a writer, historian, adventurer, soldier, artist, and politician, his participation in the European integration process is crucial to understanding the entire scope of the project in its origins. Churchill was a fundamental voice promoting the Franco-British Union, a promoter of the European Communities, and an active participant of the Congress of Europe, embryo of the Council of Europe. This article analyzes Churchill’s view of European integration through his political speeches, in particular those delivered in Zurich and in The Hague, his ideas about the League of Nations and the United Nations, his understanding of the British Empire, and the special relations between the UK and the USA. His participation in the process of uniting Europe in its early stages provides us with essential information about the original plans for the creation of a united Europe and understanding the traditional British approach to the EU, including the current position of the conservative government led by Cameron.
EN
The study deals with the British attitude to economic integration of Western Europe in the years of 1945–1951; especially with the analysis of factors which were shaping British relationship to postwar efforts to economic cooperation in Western Europe and with the analysis of reasons that led to the British reluctance to become one of the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community. The aim is to point to the fact that the British attitude to economic integration was not negative and British decision not being involved to closer forms of economic cooperation limiting national decision-making powers was not decision arising primarily from a distrust of process of economic integration in Western Europe nor from the unwillingness to accept the change of British international status in post-war World. Research conducted by the analysis of British economic development in the years 1945–1951proves that the reasons for the British refusal were primarily economic in nature.
CS
Studie je věnována postoji Velké Británie k procesu evropské integrace v letech 1945–1951, především pak analýze faktorů, které britský vztah k poválečným snahám o ekonomickou spolupráci zemí západní Evropy ovlivňovaly, a důvodů, které k britské neochotě stát se jedním ze zakládajících členů Evropského společenství uhlí a oceli vedly. Cílem je upozornit na skutečnost, že britský postoj k procesu ekonomické integrace západní Evropy nebyl odmítavý a britské rozhodnutí nezapojit se do užších forem ekonomické integrace omezujících národní rozhodovací pravomoci nebylo rozhodnutím vyplývajícím primárně z nedůvěry v budoucnost západoevropské ekonomické spolupráce ani z neochoty přijmout změnu mezinárodního postavení způsobenou novým poválečným uspořádáním. Na základě analýzy poválečného ekonomického vývoje ostrovního státu výsledky výzkumu ukazují, že důvody britského odmítnutí byly především ekonomického charakteru.
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