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Legal and Economic Features of Real Estate Taxation Systems in European Union (Selected Problems)

100%
Wołowiec T.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
|
2018
|
vol. 3
221-243
EN
In this paper an attempt has been made to characterize legal and economic determinants of property taxation systems in the European Union with particular emphasis on the fiscal and non-fiscal functions of propertytax. In property taxation systems in European Union there are no unified solutions specific to each country. In specific national tax systems, the components of the tax structure (especially the tax base, rates, exemptions and tax breaks) were formed by socio-historical conditions, which caused that in some countries there are very characteristic solutions, not existing in other tax systems. However, there are some common legal and economic features that are specifi c to modern property taxation systems. A common element that combines modern tax systems is that the basis (with few exceptions) of real estate taxation is its value (variously defined).
2
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Bilans i sprawozdanie z wykonania budżetu w kształtowaniu obrazu sytuacji finansowej jednostki samorządu terytorialnego

86%
Adamek-Hyska D.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2016
|
vol. 285
28-38
PL
Celem opracowania jest ocena sprawozdania i bilansu z wykonania budżetu i ich rola w kształtowaniu obrazu sytuacji finansowej jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. W związku z tak postawionym celem, rozważaniu poddane zostały następujące zagadnienia: − wskazanie istoty i zakresu bilansu z wykonania budżetu oraz sprawozdania z wykonania budżetu jednostki samorządu terytorialnego, − wskazania możliwości oceny sytuacji finansowej jednostki samorządu terytorialnego na podstawie bilansu i sprawozdania z wykonania budżetu jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. W opracowaniu wykorzystano następujące metody badawcze: studia literaturowe z zakresu rachunkowości, rachunkowości budżetowej oraz finansów publicznych, analizę aktów prawnych, analizę porównawczo-opisową oraz syntezę.
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyse the report and balance sheet of the implementation of the budget and their role in shaping the image of the financial situation of local government units. Due to such a way of setting the goal, the following issues were taken into consideration: − indication of the nature and comparative analysis of the balance of the implementation of the budget and the report on the implementation of the budget of local government units, − identifying opportunities for analysis and assessment of the financial situation of local government units based on the balance sheet and the report on the implementation of the budget of local government units. The following research methods were used in the paper: literature studies in accounting, budget accounting and public finance, analysis of legislation, comparative descriptive analysis and synthesis.
3

Anna Moździerz, Paradygmat deficytów bliźniaczych a doświadczenia krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, Warszawa 2018, 302 ss.

72%
Sławiński A.
Ekonomista
|
2021
|
issue 1
184-186
4

Differentia specifica ustawy budżetowej według Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z 1997 r.

51%
Kowalski G.
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL
|
2005
|
vol. 1
|
issue 1 Prawo
109-143
EN
According to Polish constitution the Budget act is one of acts in genere. Nonetheless some features of the Budget act (also mini-budget act) which differ it from the other acts make this act special, clearly differing it from the others. The differences between usual acts and the Budget act concern, most of all, legislative procedure. Firstly, the Budget bill may be submitted into the Sejm only by the Cabinet. Secondly, passing this bill and submitting it for President's approval should occur within four months since submitting the bill to the Sejm. Otherwise, President may shorten the term of parliament. Thirdly, the Senate has only twenty, instead of thirty, days to examine the Budget act handed over by the Sejm. The Senate can't reject the Budget act as well. Fourthly, President has only seven, instead of twenty one, days to sign the act and he hasn't the power of veto (he can't veto this act). Fifthly, Constitutional Tribunal has only two months to pass a sentence on the Budget act accord with constitution. The Budget act has also exceptional content which determines as with content of many other acts and execution of their regulations, so with activity of governing body, especially executive one which executes the Budget act. The way in which execution of the Budget act is controlled is different as well. Controlling execution of the Budget act, the Sejm also controls simultaneously the Cabinet which is responsible for executing the Budget act. Moreover, not every regulation of the Budget act has general and abstract character which is typical for acts regulations. Finally, the Budget act is always passed for time determined by constitution in advance, that is for budgetary year which is the same as calendar year. Exceptionally it may go to effects for shorter time than budgetary year (mini-budget act). All those differences weigh in favour of treating the Budget act as a sui generis act. Nevertheless they don't justify treating the Budget act as a source of law different from other acts. In other words, the Budget act has the same force of law as other acts, occupying the same position in hierarchy of law sources.
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