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EARLY POST-WAR POLISH FOLK MUSIC RECORDINGS (1945-1950)

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EN
The losses and destruction suffered by Polish science, culture and art during the Second World War also affected the pre-war phonographic collections, among them traditional music recordings collected by organisations formed during the inter-war period. The work started by Professor Lucjan Kamienski, who initiated the systematic phonographic documentation of music folklore in Poland and founded the Regional Phonographic Archive at the University of Poznan, was continued after the war by Jadwiga and Marian Sobieski. At first, the reconstruction of the collection was an extremely difficult task; in the post-war period, researchers even lacked recording equipment. Rather than wait for conditions to improve sufficiently to obtain proper tools for the work of the archive, Marian Sobieski together with Tadeusz Wrotkowski themselves constructed equipment which enabled them to make sound recordings. The first recordings were made as early as August 1945. The early years of the Sobieskis' activity resulted in the phonographic documentation of Polish musical folklore in the following regions: Ziemia Lubuska, Wielkopolska, Kaszuby, and later on also the Opoczynskie, Lubelskie and Rzeszowskie regions. The years 1945-1950 saw the creation of 420 discs which formed the first post-war collection of Polish traditional music. The early post-war recordings of Polish folk music were made on Decelith high-speed soft plates and on Presto varnish plates. These types of audio plates were recorded and played back at 78 rpm, which allowed only 5-8 minutes of music per disc. It soon became evident that there was a technical problem regarding multiple playback (particularly for transcription purposes). The lack of suitable playback equipment, which would not destroy the recordings, made it necessary to copy them as quickly as possible onto more durable carriers. This was achieved in the late 1950s, when the material was copied onto reel tapes Concern for the preservation and safety of this unique music collection remains a priority for the organisations currently involved in this field. Participation in the DISMARC (DISscovering Music ARChives) project, co-financed by the European Commission, enabled the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences to digitalise the metadata of the historic sound recordings. The authors of this article have also produced a selection of recordings from the regions of Wielkopolska, Opoczynskie, Rzeszowskie and Lubelskie, made during the years 1945-1950. This material, prepared as part of this project, is presented on the CD included with the current issue of 'Muzyka'. In spite of the technical quality often being poor, these recordings represent an invaluable document and source of knowledge about the authentic music culture of the countryside from the period which preceded stylisation, change, and even the disappearance of tradition. The majority of the performers who recorded the repertory presented here were born in the second half of the nineteenth century.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono ideę podnoszenia jakości usług w organizacjach sektora publicznego poprzez realizację koncepcji TQM. Przedstawiono dwa podejścia, najczęściej stosowane w ostatnich latach, zbliżające te organizacje do koncepcji TQM, polegające na zastosowaniu systemu zarządzania jakością opartego o normy z rodziny ISO 9000 i modelu samooceny CAF. Scharakteryzowano wzajemne interakcje zachodzące pomiędzy tymi podejściami i możliwości ich wspólnego zastosowania w kierunku realizacji koncepcji TQM w organizacjach sektora publicznego.
EN
The paper presents the idea of improving the service quality in public sector organizations through the implementation of the TQM concept. The paper presents two approaches that were most frequently used in recent years and moved closer these organizations to the concept of TQM that uses the quality management system based on the ISO 9000 standards and the CAF self-assessment model. The paper characterizes mutual interactions between these approaches and their possible joint application with the aim at implementing the TQM system in public sector organizations.84-98
EN
The purpose of the article is to show the state of progress of quality management in the administrative offices in Poland and to provide an indication of the implementation effects of the most popular ISO and CAF quality management tools. The empirical material was gathered thanks to participation of the article authors in the implementation of the CAF model in the subject of the government administration, and in cooperation with the IBC Group research, carried out in 2008 and 2009. The results obtained show the immaturity of managers, who do not understand that the burden of responsibility for the building of quality management systems lies on them. The lack of understanding and full commitment in the concept of quality makes the employees, engaged in many activities at the same time, treat the implementation and later the self-assessment, according to the CAF method, as one of many responsibilities. The consequence of such an attitude may be superficiality of actions taken. Although quality management has been present in the units of the public administration for many years, a great part of activities is left hanging in the air and is not associated with a coherent vision of quality.
PL
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie stanu zaawansowania zarządzania jakością w urzędach administracji w Polsce oraz wskazanie efektów implementacji najpopularniejszych narzędzi zarządzania jakością ISO oraz CAF. Materiał empiryczny został zgromadzony dzięki uczestnictwu autorek artykułu w implementacji modelu CAF w podmiocie administracji rządowej, oraz badaniom firmy IBC Group zrealizowanym w latach 2008 i 2009. Uzyskane w ten sposób wyniki pokazują niedojrzałość kadry zarządzającej, która nie rozumie, iż ciężar odpowiedzialności za budowanie systemów zarządzania jakością spoczywa właśnie na nich. Brak zrozumienia i pełnego zaangażowanie w idę jakości powoduje, iż pracownicy zaangażowani w wiele działań jednocześnie traktują implementację, a później samoocenę wg metody CAF jako jeden z wielu obowiązków. Konsekwencją takiego podejścia może być powierzchowność podejmowanych działań. Mimo, iż zarządzanie jakością jest obecne w jednostkach administracji publicznej od wielu lat, znaczna część działań zawieszona jest w próżni i nie wiąże się ze spójną wizją jakości.
EN
Research into the potential of collaborative writing is relatively new. Similarly, task repetition (TR), which has been claimed to be a valuable tool for language learning, has been rarely explored in the context of writing. Therefore, little is known about the potential of combining TR and collaborative writing, and even less if we focus on young learners (YLs), who constitute a generally under-researched population. With these research gaps in mind, the present study examines the compositions of 10 pairs of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) (aged 12) who write the same text in response to the same picture prompt three times over a three-week period. Our analysis includes the language-related episodes (LREs) that learners generate while writing collaboratively and, also, a thorough analysis of the three drafts that students produce, including quantitative (complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF)) and holistic measures. Results show that learners’ compositions improve with repetition when measured by holistic ratings although CAF measures fail to grasp this improvement. As for the LREs, a great amount was found, most of the episodes were focused on form, most were successfully resolved and their amount declined with TR. In light of these results we argue in favor of the inclusion of holistic measures when analyzing students’ productions and discuss the positive effects of collaborative writing in the context of TR with YLs.
EN
The article contributes to problems of quality management, specifically to criteria of school quality. It informs about criteria given by the Czech School Inspection as a traditional model in education and about criteria given by quality management systems ISO 9001 and CAF, which are being used in Czech education and also in international context. The aim is to clarify basic components within the frame of three presented criterion models and to pay attention to their connections and differences.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza obowiązujących przepisów odnoszących się do problematyki związanej z procedurą potwierdzania dostępności środków na rachunku płatniczym, z uwzględnieniem antymonopolowej genezy jej wdrożenia do PSD2. Niestety doktryna właściwie nie poruszyła jeszcze przedmiotowej materii. Przedmiotem rozważań są zatem kwestie związane z ujęciem CAF w PSD2 oraz ustawie o usługach płatniczych, a także analiza tej instytucji w świetle wybranych problemów prawnych, które generują omawiane przepisy. Celem artykułu jest również porównanie CAF z usługą inicjowania transakcji płatniczej, a także zbadanie konieczności zastosowania silnego uwierzytelniania użytkownika w kontekście tej instytucji. Przedmiotowa analiza zawiera także uwagi poświęcone modelowi CAF w świetle preambuły do PSD2 oraz konieczności zadośćuczynienia wymogowi wystawienia specjalnego interfejsu dostępowego w odniesieniu do CAF.
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