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Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2018
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vol. 73
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issue 2
97 – 107
EN
In 489e3-491d3 of Plato’s Gorgias one can find various derivatives of the adjective “wise” (phronimos) in two Callicles’ cardinal triads. In the first triad he adds two comparatives: “better” and “superior”. In the second triad he adds “manly” to “superior”. These triads represent the necessary characteristics of a true ruler, which enable him to rule appropriately as well as to fulfil the strictly hedonistic claim “to have more”. Socrates tries to persuade Callicles that there is no direct proportion between “to be wise” and “having more”. Socrates uses various examples to show him that his connecting “wise” with the principle of “having more” could bring about the unacceptable identifying the claim of being “wise” with techné.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2016
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vol. 71
|
issue 5
369 – 378
EN
In Callicles’ monologue (491e5-492c8) from the dialogue Gorgias the term φρόνησις is used only in one place. The most important Socrates’ opponent applied it when defending his own conception of a good life. His ideal of a good life is represented by a ruler who must not restrict himself in any way. This means that Callicles rejects the moral ideal, i. e. temperance (σωφροσύνη). His ruler is expected to act in opposition to σωφροσύνη and let his desires to grow as intense as possible. These maximized desires are to be developed by means of his manliness and intelligence (φρόνησις). The main aim of the article is to answer the question: Why in Plato’s Callicles σωφροσύνη and φρόνησις are opposite terms?
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2023
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vol. 78
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issue 4
273 – 284
EN
The concept of shame (αἰσχύνη) plays a cardinal role in Plato’s Gorgias. Plato works with this concept by dramatically influencing the characters’ actions and discourses throughout the dialogue. It has the most frequent and most important position in the part in which Socrates discusses with the young Athenian politician Callicles. The study analyses and interprets the ways in which Plato’s Callicles worked with shame in his “opening speech” (482c4 – 486d1). The author focuses on the distinction between two functions of shame: (1) negative – (1.1) as an impulse to correct opinions, (1.2) as a consequence of lack of courage, (1.3) as a tool of the weak to control the “naturally strong” and (2) positive – as an instrument of discredit (Callicles’ attempt to bring shame to Socrates).
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2014
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vol. 69
|
issue 3
274 – 280
EN
The article examines two interpretations of several verses of the famous Greek lyric poet Pindar. Pindar’s poem has not been preserved; probably his introductory verses were recorded by Plato in the dialogue Gorgias. However, the verses are not declaimed by Socrates, but by his greatest opponent in the dialogue – a young aspiring Athenian politician Callicles. Another author referring to the main idea of the first line of Pindar’s poem was his contemporary – historian Herodotus. The aim of the article is to compare these two interpretations.
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