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EN
The essay addresses the New York scene of late 1964 as the stage for the emergence of camp, framing contemporary issues of visual and celebrity culture, conspicuous consumption, gender, subcultural subversion, appropriation and reclaiming. The paradoxical economy of pop secrecy of the mid-Sixties is charted by enacting a complex narrative that intermingle three icons of survival (James Bond, Susan Sontag, Victor J. Banis) differently deployed as star spies on the spectrum of cultural visibility. Ranging from the James Bond ironic reassertion of British superiority and the male gaze, to the female challenge to high culture sacredness of Sontag's camp, to the ambiguous survival strategy of Banis' pulp hero, the gay secret agent Jackie Holmes, these three camps stand for the complex use of camp by institutions, intellectuals, women and gays, a use that foregrounds a competition as well as a proximity that inscribes them all in the spectacular cultural scene of the time, peopled by moles, double crossers, and hidden schemes.
EN
The authoress presents a critique of a Christmas display of the 'Wydawnictwo Literackie' (Literackie Publishing House) in the window of the Boleslaw Prus academic bookshop in Warsaw, in 2008. She uncovers the subversive dimension of the display, that offers clients books as Christmas gifts. The source of this subversion is in the main element of the display - a mirror. The purpose of the advertisers was to place the advert in the context of Christmas, to use the Christmas atmosphere and its basic attributes in order to increase sales. However the display has the potential to criticize the mechanisms of the market economy and consumption present in the contemporary world. The advert becomes a caricature of the Utopia of the Free Market, in which the client not only can but must choose. The necessity of consumption - the hidden structure of trade - defines the character and confines of people's lives in contemporary world. Camp, according to the authoress, defines a strategy of perception, which causes one to take a critical stance. Camp is a tool of stripping the illusions present in the prison camp of consumption in which people find themselves.
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PL
Zmiany demograficzne w Polsce, którym towarzyszą korekty systemu emerytalnego, rozbudzają coraz większe zainteresowanie produktami inwestycyjnymi pozwalającymi na nieobowiązkowe gromadzenie kapitału emerytalnego. Dla wyboru takiego produktu kluczowe znaczenie ma jego efektywność, rozumiana jako relacja korzyści do kosztów, uwzględniająca po stronie kosztów także ryzyko. W niniejszym artykule zostały zaprezentowane wyniki badania efektywności jednego z takich produktów, jakim są ubezpieczeniowe fundusze kapitałowe (UFK). Badanie miało na celu zarówno ustalenie, czy UFK przynoszą dodatkowe stopy zwrotu (kompensujące ponoszone ryzyko i większe od stóp zwrotu z portfela wzorcowego), jak i sformułowanie opinii na temat stylu zarządzania portfelami UFK (aktywny/pasywny). Szacując klasyczną metodą najmniejszych kwadratów wartości parametrów modelu CAPM badanych funduszy i wyznaczając dla nich wartości wskaźnika Treynora, alfy Jensena oraz błędu odwzorowania, otrzymaliśmy wyniki świadczące o ujemnych dodatkowych stopach zwrotu badanych UFK w prawie całym okresie obserwacji, a także dowodzące zasadniczo pasywnego charakteru zarządzania ich portfelami.
XX
Demographic changes along with shifts in pension system in Poland lead to increasing interest in investment products allowing for voluntary cumulation of retirement capital. What is key for the selection of such product, is its effectiveness measured by the relation of benefits to costs, including risk. The article demonstrates the results of study in which we estimated and evaluated the effectiveness of unit-linked insurance funds which represent such class of financial products. The examination was aimed at checking whether the funds under research generate abnormal and superior rates of return as well as whether they are managed actively or passively. We utilized OLS method to estimate CAPM parameters for studied funds and we calculated Treynor ratios, Jensen alphas and tracking errors for them. As the result, we obtained estimations evidencing negative abnormal and negative superior rates of return for almost entire observation period. We also reported passivity in managing the funds.
EN
The aim of the article is to assess the financial situation of companies in the clothing and footwear sector listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2017. Firstly, financial ratios were calculated for each entity, the ranking was created and the companies were grouped in terms of their financial situation. In this way, a general picture of the competitive position of companies was obtained. The first group includes three companies with the best financial standing. They obtained the highest efficiency in the use of assets, as evidenced by the highest average values for the following stimulants: total assets turnover, current assets turnover and return on assets. Due to the fact that knowledge of financial ratios in the changing environment may be insufficient to assess the financial standing of enterprises, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) with their components was calculated for them, which allowed judging the assessment of the structure of financing the operations of individual companies and the comparison with the financial situation determined on the basis of indicators. The best financing structure for their activities is held by companies that have been classified in high positions in a ranking based on financial indicators. However, there was one exception, which confirms the need to use different methods to assess the financial situation.
EN
Pedro Lemebel is a Chilean performer and writer representing queer art. In his novel My Tender Matador he narrates a love story of two homosexuals: a drama queen and a revolutionary fighting against Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship. The aim of this paper is to analyse how the novel shows the political dimension of homosexuality and gender ambiguity, and how it subverts the values represented by the dictator, scrutinized in the book with a queer eye.
Vojenská história
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 2
34 - 43
EN
In the study, the author sums up the activity of the imperial and royal camp and reserve brothels, established in 1915 by the military authorities of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, operating during the World War 1. The organisational rules of the camp and reserve brothels originating within divisions with the aim to prevent the spread of venereal diseases in the army and to protect the soldiers’ health (in 1915, 12% of the troops were infected) are introduced. The author zooms in on the regulations regarding the brothel activity, obligations of the staff and prostitutes as well as the effort of the authorities to build a whole network of brothels. Readers will learn about the headquarters regulations, issued to prevent the spread of venereal diseases among soldiers (raising awareness, medical check-ups several times a week, handing out free protection, etc.), uncovering similar civilian and military health regulations issued for the rear areas as well. The author informs about the operation of brothels established in the territories occupied by the Austro-Hungarian army (according to the Serbian example) and the hygienic and other regulations for the prostitutes working there. The author briefly informs the readers about the works of significant contemporary expert physicians and their work in the field of edification in order to suppress the spread of venereal diseases.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problematykę wyceny aktywów finansowych za pomocą modelu CAPM (capital asset pricing model). W części teoretycznej zaprezentowano opis założeń i wniosków wynikających z zastosowania modelu CAPM, a także modyfikację modelu polegającą na zastąpieniu instrumentu wolnego od ryzyka portfelem aktywów zero-beta. W części empirycznej skupiono się na badaniach skuteczności modelu CAPM. Przedstawiono badania, które zaprzeczają wnioskom wynikającym z modelu, jak i potwierdzają ich słuszność. Ponadto przeprowadzono weryfikację modelu uwzględniającego portfel aktywów zero-beta na polskim rynku kapitałowym z wykorzystaniem współczynnika korelacji. W pracy portfel aktywów zero-beta został utworzony z kontraktów terminowych na WIG20 oraz z jednostek Multi Units Luxembourg Lyxor. Portfel ten, jak wynika z badań, może stanowić odpowiednią metodę szacowania wolnej od ryzyka stopy procentowej. Badania nad skutecznością wyceny zostały przeprowadzone na podstawie danych dwóch spółek – KGHM Polska Miedź SA oraz Próchnik SA. Rezultaty badań wskazują, że w większości przypadków zmienność stóp zwrotu spółek jest większa niż ta wynikająca z modelu CAPM.
EN
The article describes the issue of capital asset pricing using Capital Assets Pricing Models (CAPM). The theoretical section presents the assumptions, zero-beta portfolio modification and results of using CAPM. The empirical part focuses on studies of the effectiveness of the CAPM model. Empirical tests are given, providing evidence that both denies and confirms the findings of the CAPM model, while the correlation coefficient is used to verify the model on the Polish capital market. The zero-beta portfolio was created based on futures contracts on WIG20 and units of the Multi Units Luxembourg Lyxor. As indicated by the results, this portfolio may be an appropriate method for estimating the risk-free interest rate. Research on the effectiveness of the valuation was carried out on the basis of two companies: KGHM Polska Miedź SA and Próchnik SA. The results of the study show that in most cases the variability of the companies’ returns is greater than that resulting from the CAPM model.
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