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THE ROLE OF CLUSTERS IN NEW FORMS OF INNOVATION (Znaczenie klastrów w tworzeniu nowych form innowacji)

100%
Kowalski A. M.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2010
|
issue 3 (47)
228-245
EN
The article focuses on the concept of clusters and its importance in creating new forms of innovation. By new forms of innovation we mean new methods of creating innovation and enhancing innovation processes, for example through engaging final users from the early stages of research and development (R&D) according to the user driven innovation (UDI) approach, as well as new types of created innovations, especially non-technological ones. Cluster structures which are one of the best diagnosed methods to stimulate horizontal cooperation in the economy, may be an effective mechanism for creating new forms of innovation. It is supported by the fact that both the concept of clusters and new forms of innovation are connected to the strategy of open innovation, derived from the modern model of innovation processes, based primarily on interactions and cooperation between different types of actors of national innovation systems. Case studies of clusters from Austria, France and Sweden confirm that cluster structures create favourable conditions for new forms of innovation, which require that companies acquire new skills and also enter into interactions with external actors, customers and other enterprises.
2
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SATISFYING THE MAJORITY? CASE STUDIES IN SLOVAK MINORITY POLICY 2006 – 2014

75%
Steuer M.
Annales Scientia Politica
|
2015
|
vol. 4
|
issue 2
42 – 51
EN
The study analyses selected outcomes of the minority policy of the Slovak Republic between 2006 and 2014. By conducting a content analysis of three government manifestos (2006, 2010, 2012) and explanatory statements of three significant laws from this period, it shows that the measures approved by two executives (2006, 2012) aimed to satisfy the alleged demand of the majority for a more restrictive minority policy. The 2010 government made some effort towards more inclusive steps but its wavering political support prevented their effective implementation. The study also reviews the changes in the advisory institutions in this period which mirrored the overall approach to minority policy of the three executives.
3

REFLECTIONS ON PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ETHICS - A PERSONALISTIC PERSPECTIVE (Refleksje na temat profesjonalnej etyki inzynierskiej - perspektywa personalistyczna)

75%
Wajszczyk P.
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
|
2012
|
vol. 20
|
issue 3(116)
60-70
EN
1. Purpose The article attempts to synthesize professional engineering ethics to find key characteristic features of a professional expert engineer and of a managing engineer, who do their duties on job contracts or as contracted professionals within a partnership. 2 .Methodology A descriptive analysis has been applied to the content of engineering codes of ethics to obtain core engineering ethical competencies. 3. Findings A review of the content of professional engineering ethics indicates a deontological base of an educated engineer on earlier acquired values and formed attitudes from general and personal ethics. These are beyond the scope of professional higher education, but are an indispensable precondition for an engineer to have been taught effectively about his or her engineering rights and duties, and to have acquired correct attitudes toward professional ethical issues. The analysis of the learning process within technical curricula supports the proposition, generally accepted in engineering ethics textbooks, to apply a case study method during instruction and to adequately define prerequisite knowledge and skills of the students, to have them prepared for studies of the professional ethics subject. 4. Originality The author proposes that such prerequisites be formulated in engineering curricula and justifies this need by professional code norms that state the superiority of personal integrity of an engineer over all other professional qualities. Such integrity, the author foresees, can be attained on personalistic ethics grounds that foster learning through application and formation of an internally consistent system of values by a future professional who wishes to achieve such personal integrity.
4
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Contract Farming And Its Impact On Income And Livelihoods For Small-Scale Farmers: Case Study In Vietnam

75%
Phong Tuan N.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
|
2012
|
issue 4(26)
147-166
EN
Contract farming has been expected as one of the measures to facilitate participation of farmers in the production of agriculture commercially, adding more values to agricultural produces. Mixed evidence in Vietnam however, has been shown on the well-known ad-vantage of the contract farming to small farmers such as reduce the cost to access to market, accessing credit, obtaining information on market opportunities or new technologies, pur-chasing certain inputs and accessing product markets and reducing price fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of contract farming to farmers and to deter-mine policies to facilitate farmer entry into beneficial contractual relationships. In addition to the literature review, one intensive case study of contract farming practices with commodity was conducted. The results from the study have direct relevance to work of agencies and organizations working to promote the welfare of small holding farmers, either through prac-tical field support or through policy advocacy.
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