Search results

1

Durkheim a epistemologie, Durkheimova epistemologie

100%

Chvatal J.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2007

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vol. 16/29

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issue 3-4

133-155

EN

Based especially on 'The Elementary Forms of Religious Life' (1912) the text tries to delimitate contours of 'Durkheim's epistemology' (i. e. relatively coherent group of assertions). It argues that the deep 'objective' of this connection is to ensure autonomy and specific field for the new-born scientific province, sociology, through the claim that this contribution can solve and actually does solve (from the French sociologist's point of view) 'traditional epistemological hardships' into which philosophical empiricism and rationalism fall. Durkheim's sociological deduction of categories (instead of transcendental deduction), as Ernst Cassirer calls it, is presented in contrast to the 'holy positivists interpretations' of his writing, exclusively intentional conceptualizations of action and notion formation, and correspondence theory of truth. The text concludes that despite noticeable inconsistencies Durkheim's suggestions provide inspiring material even for today's sociological production in this field.

2

Kiedy kontakt osłabia uprzedzenia? Kategoryzacje społeczne i temporalne jako warunki skuteczności kontaktu międzygrupowego

100%

Bilewicz M.

Psychologia Społeczna

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2006

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vol. 1

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issue 2(2)

164-175

EN

Theory and research are presented relating the impact of social and temporal categorizations on the effectiveness of intergroup contact. The author reviews and compares previous proposals and his own more recent hypotheses concerning the role of intergroup perception in the processes of reducing prejudice and improving intergroup relations after successful contact. Three major approaches (personalized cognitions, salient categories, common ingroup identity) are discussed in the context of author's research on Polish-Jewish encounters. The new conception based on perspective-taking (namely: intergroup transgressions) is proposed as a possible alternative to current approaches.

3

Dwie koncepcje profilowania pojęć w lingwistyce

100%

Majer-Baranowska U.

Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury

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2004

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vol. 16

85-109

PL

Artykuł zawiera syntetyczne omówienie dwu koncepcji profilowania – Ronalda Langackera i Jerzego Bartmińskiego. W ujęciu Langackera profilowanie jest jednym z wymiarów obrazowania, którego istotę stanowi określony sposób ujęcia danej sytuacji. Profilowanie polega na wyróżnieniu z bazy kognitywnej struktur semantycznych. Bazą dla określonej predykacji jest jej matryca, tj. zestaw aktywnych domen. Profile stanowią więc uwydatnione elementy bazy. Pełny opis struktury semantycznej wyrażenia językowego wymaga podania pełnych opisów domen kognitywnych, jakie to wyrażenie presuponuje. Wszystkie wyrażenia językowe, bez względu na stopień ich złożoności, można scharakteryzować semantycznie w kategoriach nałożenia profilu na bazę. Zjawisko profilowania jest w tej koncepcji podstawą wyróżniania i definiowania bieguna semantycznego kategorii gramatycznych (np. rzeczownik profiluje rzecz, czasownik – proces), morfemów gramatycznych, struktur składniowych, pojedynczych leksemów i wyrażeń wieloleksemowych. J. Bartmiński profilowanie rozumie jako proces tworzenia wariantu wyobrażenia przedmiotu na zasadzie derywacji z bazowego zespołu cech semantycznych zawartych w obrębie znaczenia (rozumianego jako skończony, ale otwarty zespół cech). Profil pojęcia – efekt procesu profilowania – jest wariantem wyobrażenia przedmiotu kreowanym przez jakiś podmiot i skupiony wokół czynnika dominującego – dominanty semantycznej. Różne profile nie są różnymi znaczeniami, lecz sposobami organizacji treści semantycznej wewnątrz znaczeń. Proces profilowania obejmuje wstępną kategoryzację przedmiotu, dobór aspektów odpowiadających danej kategoryzacji oraz jakościową charakterystykę przedmiotu w ramach przyjętych aspektów (faset). Autor podkreśla kluczową rolę podmiotu mówiącego w procesie profilowania pojęć, który to proces zdeterminowany jest przyjętym przez ów podmiot punktem widzenia, typem racjonalności, wiedzą o świecie, systemem wartości. Artykuł zamyka porównanie obu koncepcji profilowania, pokazujące zbieżności i różnice między nimi.

EN

The article offers a synthesis of the conceptions of profiling proposed by Ronald W. Langacker and Jerzy Bartminski. In the former, profiling is understood as one of the dimensions of imagery, as various construals of a given situation. Profiling is tantamount to attributing greater salience to certain semantic structures within the cognitive base. The base of a predication is its matrix, i.e. a set of active domains. The predication's profile, then, is equivalent to those elements of the base which receive greater salience. A full description of the semantic structure of a linguistic expression requires a full description of cognitive domains presupposed by that expression. All linguistic expressions, regardless of their complexity, can be semantically characterized in terms of profiling of base elements. Thus, profiling in this conception is the basis for underscoring and defining the semantic pole of grammatical categories (e.g. nouns profile things, verbs profile processes), grammatical morphemes, syntactic structures, single lexemes and multilexical expressions. Jerzy Bartminski, in turn, understands profiling as a process in which a variant of an idea of a given object is created. A given profile is derived from the base set of semantic features within the same meaning, the latter being viewed as a finite but open collection of features. A profile of a concept is a variant created by a certain dominant factor, the semantic determinant. The process of profiling includes a preliminary categorization of the object, a selection of aspects corresponding to that categorization and a qualitative characterization of the object within those aspects (facets). The key role of the subject is emphasized, profiling being determined by the subject's point of view, type of rationality, knowledge of the world, system of values, etc. The article ends with a comparison of the two conceptions.

4

PRÁVNA POVAHA HYBRIDNÝCH SPRÁVNYCH AKTOV

100%

Košičiarová S.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2022

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vol. 105

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issue 1

34 – 47

EN

The author analyses the legal characteristics of a special category of acts enforced by public authorities, which legal theory calls „hybrid administrative acts“. The article deals with their classification, procedural rules of their issue and publication. The topics of their review by administrative courts and case law are in the centre of attention.

5

STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF MIGRATION ATTENDING HUNGARIAN AND GERMAN PUBLIC EDUCATION: CATEGORISATION AND STATISTICAL DATA COLLECTION

88%

Bukus B.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2014

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vol. 40

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issue 3(153)

297-320

EN

This paper focuses on the interrelation between the categorisation of and the educational statistical data collection on members of the group ‘students in the context of migration’. To begin with, this interrelation will be investigated on the basis of an examination of the current (2007-2013) categorisation and statistical data collection practices of Hungarian public education. This will then be contrasted to German practices with regard to the transferability of labels and statistical data categories into the Hungarian context. Finally, on the basis of the results of a case study at a Hungarian public school, which aimed to reveal the diversity within the group of ‘students in the context of migration’, a data collection chart designed for pedagogical purposes will be presented. This chart adds further data collection categories to those already in administrative use. These categories are relevant for day-to-day pedagogical praxis targeted at the group under discussion. The paper argues that a categorisation of ‘students in the context of migration’ that better reflects reality is important, as it renders the inherent diversity of this group more visible. This could help to influence statistical data collection and enable improved pedagogic and policy responses, thus furthering the social integration of the students in question.

6

CONCEPTUALIZING LOW-SKILL: A NEW APPROACH

88%

Kureková L., Haita C., Beblavý M.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2013

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vol. 45

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issue 3

247 – 266

EN

This study reviews conceptual and empirical literature studying low-skilled and proposes more comprehensive and dynamic conceptualization of low-skill. Our work is based on analysing the sources of being and of becoming low-skilled by reviewing structural processes underlying changes in labour markets and their varied impact on the individuals of the different characteristics. We suggest a broader conceptualization of low-skill which surpasses the dominant qualification-based approach and measurement of low-skill by the attained level of education. In addition to the typically included low-educated, our typology includes categories of workers who might be formally well-educated, experienced and trained but have been drawn into low-skill as an outcome of structural forces or institutional barriers. A broader conceptualization and measurement of low-skill can better reveal the variety of its causes and in turn allow designing better suited policies for the economic and social integration.

7

Is investing as risky as bungee jumping? The sensitivity of risk perception by instrumental and stimulating risk takers

88%

Zaleskiewicz T., Piskorz Z.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2004

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vol. 35

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issue 3

165-172

EN

In real life, benefits are positively correlated with risks. In order to achieve high benefits people have to take risks. However, people sometimes engage in risky situations for other reasons, e.g. for excitement. We call this former tendency instrumental risk taking, and the latter - stimulating risk taking. It is assumed that individual differences can be described among people in their willingness to take one kind or another kind of risk. Here, we test the idea that instrumental risk takers, who have a more analytic style of thinking, show more sensitivity towards risk perception, i.e. they recognize greater differences between certain risk levels than stimulating risk takers do, who have a less sensitive risk evaluation. These hypotheses are supported herein by the results of the following empirical study. Additionally, we discuss gender differences in the relationship between risk propensity and risk perception sensitivity.

8

Wierszowe figury i tła. Rola kategoryzacji w kształtowaniu semantyki prozodyjnej

88%

Mastalski A. S.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2013

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vol. 4

215-231

EN

The objective of this paper is to analyze the way in which the operation of cognitive processes organizing human perception into the foreground element (figure) and its background interpretative context affects the process of reading-interpretation of the text organized into verses. This type of categorizing operation is effective, in my opinion, not only in the psychology of perception, analysis of pieces of visual arts and musical texts, in reference to grammar and literary stylistics, but is also helpful in explaining important mechanisms of our relations with verse organization. The paper is based on the observations of the representatives of Gestaltpsychologie, as well as the findings of researchers representing other branches of humanities connected with cognitive sciences and applying their accomplishments in the description of the language and works of art.

9

Mere exposure-based emotional response categorization

75%

Halberstadt J., Badland C.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2006

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vol. 37

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issue 1

23-30

EN

Emotional response categorization - the grouping of stimuli on the basis of the emotional response they elicit - is an imporant complement to traditional accounts of categorization that rely on stimulus-based similarity. However, previous demonstrations of emotional response categorization have left open the possibility that stimuli were associated on the basis of their association with similar emotions in the past, or on the basis of semantic emotion knowledge, rather than on the basis of common emotions elicited at the time of judgment. In contrast, in the current study, mere exposure was used to 'attach' positive affect to neutral individuals. Participants judged which of two comparison individuals, one of whom had been previously seen in the experiment, was most likely to be friends with (or, for different participants, to have the same job as) a target individual, who himself displayed either a happy or a neutral expression. Participants were more likely to judge previously-seen individuals (who elicited positive affect through mere exposure) as friends with smiling targets (who elicited positve affect through emotion contagion), but were indifferent to emotional response when judging jobs. Because these individuals had no pre-existing emotional associations prior to the study, selective choice of positive comparision individuals represents the first demonstration of true momentary emotional response-based categorization. Several explanations of the domain specificicty of emotional response categorization are considered, including the honest predictiveness of emotional response for judging friendship, the relative importance of emotional response compared to other stimulus dimensions, and the selective engagement of an associative reasoning strategy.

10

Teorie terminologie a kognitivní lingvistika: k pojetí kategorizace, definice a nominace

75%

Bozdechova I.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2010

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vol. 71

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issue 3

163-175

EN

The aim of this paper is to outline, comment upon and illustrate some new subjects (prototypicality, cognitive models, etc.) which cognitive linguistics offers to the traditional theory of terminology and to the semantic analysis of specialized terms. The paper therefore deals with questions such as: What significance does cognitive information (reflecting a naive, non-specialized view of the world) have for terms? How can such information be used in the study of categorization and conceptualization of the contents of terms? By making use of findings from both traditional lexicology and semantics and from the cognitive sciences, and by using medical terminology as its material, the paper presents the processes of direct and indirect nomination as they relate to terminologization and determinologization. A selection of terms and names relating to the human body, its parts and organs and to human health or diseases is used to confront the scientific and cognitive approaches. The theoretical starting point, concerning the task of corporeality in human cognition, is applied in the analysis of the different kinds of reflection of cognition in medical terminology. The processes of categorization and nominalization of objective reality are also considered as they are reflected in the onomasiological structures of terms.

11

MORFOLOGICKÉ A SYNTAKTICKÉ KATEGÓRIE – VÄZBY A SÚVISLOSTI

75%

Vaňko J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2017

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vol. 82

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issue 1

52 – 64

EN

The article focuses on the links and relationships between morphological and syntactic categories in Slovak as a flectional type of language, emphasising the essence of the syntactic categories and their classification. The relationships between morphological and syntactic categories are based on the fact that the morphological units serve the construction of syntactic units. According to the author, syntactic category is a meaningful and formal unit which serves the study of fundamental aspects of the grammatical and semantic sentence structure, as well as its communication function. In this connection three main syntactic categories (or hyper-categories) are distinguished: the predicative category, the category of modality and the category of communication intention. To these three hyper-categories can be attached other categories or subcategories which express more specific aspects of the grammatical and semantic sentence structure (personality, appeal, the category of syntactic correlativity, negation, etc.).

12

WHY IS THERE NO RULE WITHOUT AN EXCEPTION? COGNITIVE REFLECTION ON WORD FORMATION IN SPANISH (Por qué no hay regla sin excepción? una reflexión cognitiva sobre la formación de palabras en espanol)

63%

Wilk-Racieska J.

Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny

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2010

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vol. 57

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issue 2

211-216

EN

The aim of this article is to sketch differences between the conceptualizations of the elements of reality inside the same linguistic community. the authoress' thesis is based on the conviction that all 'regional' linguistic systems grew out of some basic philosophical and cultural systems, but, from the other hand, regional linguistic systems have developed their own rules, founded on their own visions of the world resulting from different regional perspectives. The two types of rules have been overlapped and idiomatic regional systems have been formed. This article shows that the analysis of the formation of nouns in Spanish depends on a particular regional vision of the world, but the overlapped rules have to be taken into account in this analysis.

Refine search results

Durkheim a epistemologie, Durkheimova epistemologie

Kiedy kontakt osłabia uprzedzenia? Kategoryzacje społeczne i temporalne jako warunki skuteczności kontaktu międzygrupowego

Dwie koncepcje profilowania pojęć w lingwistyce

PRÁVNA POVAHA HYBRIDNÝCH SPRÁVNYCH AKTOV

STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF MIGRATION ATTENDING HUNGARIAN AND GERMAN PUBLIC EDUCATION: CATEGORISATION AND STATISTICAL DATA COLLECTION

CONCEPTUALIZING LOW-SKILL: A NEW APPROACH

Is investing as risky as bungee jumping? The sensitivity of risk perception by instrumental and stimulating risk takers

Wierszowe figury i tła. Rola kategoryzacji w kształtowaniu semantyki prozodyjnej

Mere exposure-based emotional response categorization

Teorie terminologie a kognitivní lingvistika: k pojetí kategorizace, definice a nominace

MORFOLOGICKÉ A SYNTAKTICKÉ KATEGÓRIE – VÄZBY A SÚVISLOSTI

WHY IS THERE NO RULE WITHOUT AN EXCEPTION? COGNITIVE REFLECTION ON WORD FORMATION IN SPANISH (Por qué no hay regla sin excepción? una reflexión cognitiva sobre la formación de palabras en espanol)