Search results

1

Competitiveness, fiscal policy and corruption: evidence from Central and Eastern European countries

100%

Tiganasu R., Pascariu G., Lupu D.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 3

667-698

EN

Research background: The transformations induced by global challenges call for new approaches towards competitiveness and thus require a consistent rethinking of strategies and mechanisms so that they could be better adapted to the constantly changing context. Prior to the European Union (EU) accession, the Central and Eastern European (CEE) states began a broad process of economic reforms, including trade liberalization, mass privatization, exchange rate liberalization, all of which led to a wider opening to new markets, the creation of new opportunities for production and to ensuring the competitiveness of companies on foreign markets. By far, the most important step in the post-communist period was joining the EU, achieved after 2004. Over time, these states have faced, on the one hand, issues related to addressing systemic vulnerabilities, and on the other hand, finding the most appropriate measures to induce competitiveness. The influence of public policies on competitiveness is still an issue that needs to be debated, our study proposing to examine the reaction of external competitiveness to the increase of government spending and corruption. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of fiscal policies and corruption on the external competitiveness of the eleven countries from Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) for the period 1995-2020. The choice of this time interval is to better capture the trinomial relationship between competitiveness, fiscal policy and corruption before and after the process of integration of the CEE states into the EU. Methods: The methodology chosen is based on ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) with structural breaks, the period taken into account being 1995-2020. The Unit root test of augmented Dickey-Fuller ADF (2016) was used to assess the time series stationarity. The test developed by Bai and Perron (2003) is applied to detect structural breaks, by resorting to the LM test. The tests for the cointegration between the considered variables, using the ARDL model, proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001), were also part of the research. The causality test of Granger et al. (2000) was used to assess the conditionality between the indicators. By applying these methods, it was highlighted that, especially after 2007, in the states under analysis, expansionary fiscal policies have led to internal devaluations of the currency, which ultimately increased external competitiveness, measured as real effective exchange rate. Instead, corruption has a negative impact on competitiveness. Findings & value added: The obtained results point out the relationship between competitiveness, fiscal policy and corruption in CEE countries. In the case of those that have a high competitiveness, even if there are large government expenditures, there is also an economic environment conducive to the implementation of measures that generate added value on a large scale. Conversely, in countries where corruption is high, the impact of government fiscal policies on competitiveness is reduced due to the negative effects caused by this phenomenon. Our study brings at least two contributions to the literature. First of all, the research shows how a growth in public spending affects the competitiveness of CEE economies through the real exchange rate. Secondly, it takes into account the phenomenon of corruption applied to Eastern countries, emphasizing a decrease in the external competitiveness of these economies in response to the manifestation of corruption.

2

Labour Productivity, Ict and Complementary Factors in the CEE Region

100%

Skorupińska A., Arendt Ł.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2016

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vol. 11

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issue 4

385-397

EN

The paper discusses the role of Information and Communication Technologies for labour productivity in the Central and Eastern European countries, taking into account the consequences of the latest global economic crisis. It focuses on the factors (ICT complementarities) influencing the ICT diffusion trajectories, and thus having impact on labour productivity. The fixed effects models and least squares dummy variable (LSDV) regression was implemented with the use of panel data for 21 European Union member countries. The analysis revealed that only some complementary factors to ICT investments appeared significant to affect labour productivity in the CEE Region. It also showed that sources of labour productivity are sensitive to cyclical changes in the economy.

3

“It’s not just a matter of increasing numbers!” Advancing women’s political representation in quota-adopting countries

100%

Dauti M.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2020

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vol. 48

73-91

EN

Electoral gender quotas are among the most contested policies worldwide. A common criticism is that quotas promote undeserving women and therefore undermine the meritocracy. Although criticism persists, paradoxically, it has rarely been subject to empirical testing in Central and Eastern European countries. The objective of the present study is to address this gap by examining the characteristics of a randomly selected sample of 410 representatives in the local councils of Albania. By comparing the councillors across demographic characteristics, political experience, and ties in politics, I show that quotas have promoted a diverse group of women, who, compared to men, are more educated, younger, and more likely to live in rural areas. While the practice of relying on family or kinship ties to advance in local politics is more common among women than among men, differences were not found between women promoted through gender quotas and their non-quota female colleagues. The present findings call into question the assumptions that surround gender quotas, suggesting greater use of evidence to challenge popular perceptions and beliefs.

4

The Digital Economy, ICT and Economic Growth in the CEE Countries

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Arendt Ł.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 3

247-262

EN

This paper focuses on the relationship between Information and Communication Technologies, GDP growth and productivity in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. It elaborates on measures of the digital economy/information society, emphasizing the role of complementary factors to ICT that are crucial for the productive use of these General Purpose Technologies. The paper discusses the impact of technical progress, induced by the development of ICT, on sources of economic growth by describing changes in the contribution of ICT capital and non-ICT capital, labour and TFP to GDP growth in the CEE and EU-15 countries.

5

The Emerging Models of Capitalism in CEE Countrie – a Tentative Comparison with Western Europe

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Próchniak M., Rapacki R., Gardawski J., Czerniak A., Horbaczewska B., Karbowski A., Maszczyk P., Towalski R.

Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology

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2016

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vol. 7

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issue 14

7-70

EN

In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis of the models of capitalism prevailing in the CEE11 countries. Our overriding aim is to find out how similar or dissimilar are these countries to each of the four models of European capitalism singled out by Amable. We compare 11 sample countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) with their peers representing the Anglo-Saxon model (UK), the Continental European model (Germany), Scandinavian model (Sweden), and Mediterranean model (Italy or Spain). Our comparison focuses on six institutional areas: product market competition, labor market and industrial relations, financial system, social protection, knowledge sector, and the housing market, thus extending the original approach adopted by Amable (adding the housing market). We apply our own original methodology based on hexagons. We compare each of the six domains in the CEE11 countries with the reference Western economies using six indicators that best identify the institutional characteristics of a given domain (three indicators represent input variables or the institutional architecture, and three others - output variables or performance of an institutional area). We calculate the ranks of similarity of each indicator for a CEE country to the same indicator for the reference economies. The results of our study show that the CEE11 countries overall (and Poland in particular) exhibit the greatest resemblance to the Mediterranean model of capitalism, while they are the most dissimilar to the Scandinavian model. However, their similarity to the Mediterranean model is strongly determined by output variables or economic performance - in terms of institutional architecture or input variables alone the CEE11 countries are most akin to the Continental European model of capitalism.

6

Policies on intergroup relations in Central and East European cities: a comparative analysis of Budapest, Prague, Wrocław and Tallinn

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Kohlbacher J., Matusz Protasiewicz P.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2012

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vol. 16

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issue 2

5-10

EN

This article explores the differences in the understanding of ‘intergroup relations’ and measures underaken in the area of intercultural policies in four Central and East European (CEE) cities: Budapest, Prague, Wrocław and Tallinn. The analysis is based on interviews and field research carried out in 2008 in these cities in cooperation with local scientific experts, representatives of the ethnic communities and officials of the Municipalities as part of the Eurofound research project CLIP1. It explores the national and local political frameworks for intergroup policy and the target groups for such strategies and policies. The main aim of this article is to carry out a comparative analysis of four cities from the CEE countries in order to indicate the similarities and differences in the understanding of intergroup relations. It investigates the type of actors involved in this process and whether their actions are catalysed from the top-down or bottom–up.

7

The CEE countries’ first decade of EU membership: from policy-takers towards agenda-setters?

100%

Schweiger C.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2015

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issue 31(4)

99-118

EN

The accession of the group of eight post-communist Central and Eastern European mem- ber states who joined in 2004 marked a historic watershed in the development of the European Union. The subsequent enlargements in 2004 represented the biggest expansion of the EU’s membership base since the beginning of the institutionalised process of insti- tutional European integration after the end of WW2. Even more importantly however, it constituted the official end of more than four decades in which the European continent had been artificially divided into two ideological and military blocs by the Cold War. This article concentrates on the 2004 enlargement and analyses how the CEE-8 group has integrated into the EU’s institutional and policy acquis over the past decade. In this respect the impact of the global financial crisis of 2008–09 represents a major challenge for the countries of the region in their ongoing political, economic and social transforma- tion since the fall of communism. The paper examines to what extent the CEE countries have managed to tackle the multiple challenges of the post-communist transition and which factors have determined their status as predominantly passive policy-takers. Special emphasis is put on the impact of the 2008–09 global financial crisis, which poses the risk of backsliding the CEE’s domestic political and economic transition process and growing alienation from the increasingly complex new coordinative EU policy mechanisms. The article also considers the potential future role of the semi-institutionalised cooperation amongst the Visegrád 4 group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) in effec- tively promoting the interests of the wider CEE region in the EU. The main challenge in this respect lies in the persistent diversity of national interests and varying levels of com- mitment towards transnational cooperation amongst the V4 and the wider CEE group. This especially applies to the regional leader Poland, which has been torn between the ambition to intensify regional cooperation and the desire to become a leading player in the EU alongside France and Germany.

8

Non-life insurance markets in CEE countries – part I: Products’ structure

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Wieczorek-Kosmala M.

Journal of Economics and Management

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2016

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vol. 25

109-125

EN

The course of the development of non-life insurance markets in CEE countries differs in many aspects from the Western-European countries. This study shows how these changes performed in the eight CEE countries, that overcame transition in similar time and accessed the European Union in May, 2004. In this paper (as the first part of the study) wider attention was given to the changes of products’ structure of non-life markets. It was found that motor third party liability insurance still remains the most relevant insurance line in the non-life markets of the examined countries.

9

Socio-economic determinants of financial inclusion in Central and Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic

100%

Waliszewski K.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2023

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vol. 1

25-41

EN

A society’s financial inclusion – understood as possessing and actively using a bank or non-bank account – is one of many indicators of sustainable growth and economic development. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of financial integration through the use of modern technologies in finance, financial innovation and the need to have an account to receive aid from government crisis shields or to confirm official activities through a trusted profile in a bank. Furthermore, EU regulations have accelerated the process of financial integration through the institution of a basic bank account and open banking solutions. Financial education programs and activities of financial institutions under the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)/Environment Social Governance (ESG) strategy have also contributed to improving financial literacy, which directly reduces financial self-exclusion. The aim of the article is to check whether financial inclusion has increased during the pandemic and to identify socio-demographic determinants of this inclusion such as sex, age, in or out labor force, education, and wealth level in selected CEE countries. The article uses statistical data from The Global Findex research conducted since 2011 and by the World Bank, covering the period 2011-2021. The empirical study confirmed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the largest increases in the percentage of people aged 15+ with a bank account were recorded, and the studied Central and Eastern European countries differed in this respect. Selected socio-demographic variables differentiated the level of financial integration in the analysed countries. The level of financial inclusion in selected European countries increased in the considered period, especially in countries with the initially lowest level of financial inclusion (Ukraine, Bulgaria). Financial inclusion was positively influenced by professional activity, at least secondary education, age of 25 and above, and high income. The greatest degree of financial inclusion was differentiated by education, and then by professional activity. However, sex was not shown to differentiate the level of financial inclusion.

10

Are Larger Banks More Efficient in the Central Eastern European Countries?

89%

Kozak S.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2020

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vol. 54

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issue 2

EN

Theoretical background: The relationship between the size of banks and their efficiency has become an important subject for academics and policy makers in the recent decades. However, the outcomes of these studies are relatively divergent concerning the direction of this dependence.Purpose of the article: The goal of this study is to assess how the size of banks affects their efficiency in the CEE countries in the years 2005–2017. Additionally, the relationship between the market concentration and banks efficiency is checked.Research methods: The research covers 108 banks operating in eleven CEE countries. The efficiency scores are achieved through the SFA method and regressed with the individual bank characteristics and macroeconomic and sectoral variables.Main findings: The results show that growing bank’s size and market share positively affect its efficiency. Additionally, higher concentration of the banking market has a similar effect. Higher inflation and GDP per capita decrease bank profit efficiency which can indicate that banks achieve the highest efficiency gains in less prosperous countries, however, in the low inflation environment. Additionally, banks’ efficiency is boosted with the growing development of the banking sector and increasing lending to the economy. Fast-growing banks tend to be more efficient, probably due to the positive effect of the financial leverage on profits.

PL

Theoretical background: The relationship between the size of banks and their efficiency has become an important subject for academics and policy makers in the recent decades. However, the outcomes of these studies are relatively divergent concerning the direction of this dependence.Purpose of the article: The goal of this study is to assess how the size of banks affects their efficiency in the CEE countries in the years 2005–2017. Additionally, the relationship between the market concentration and banks efficiency is checked.Research methods: The research covers 108 banks operating in eleven CEE countries. The efficiency scores are achieved through the SFA method and regressed with the individual bank characteristics and macroeconomic and sectoral variables.Main findings: The results show that growing bank’s size and market share positively affect its efficiency. Additionally, higher concentration of the banking market has a similar effect. Higher inflation and GDP per capita decrease bank profit efficiency which can indicate that banks achieve the highest efficiency gains in less prosperous countries, however, in the low inflation environment. Additionally, banks’ efficiency is boosted with the growing development of the banking sector and increasing lending to the economy. Fast-growing banks tend to be more efficient, probably due to the positive effect of the fiancial leverage on profits.

11

Output and Expected Returns in Central and Eastern European Countries

89%

Gajdka J., Pietraszewski P.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2020

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vol. 54

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issue 4

EN

Theoretical background: Although some controversy remains, some aspects of the predictability of aggregate stock market returns in the United States and other industrialized countries appear to be relatively well established. Intertemporal asset pricing models based on the paradigm of investor rationality and market efficiency imply that various macro variables describing the state of the economy may forecast future returns on the aggregate stock market.Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to present the results of a preliminary study which set out to determine whether the ratio of the stock index to the aggregate output in the economy and future rates of return in the aggregate stock markets in Central and Eastern Europe are significantly related to each other over different time horizons.Research methods: Heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation-consistent estimators with a small sample degrees of freedom adjustment were used in regressions to track overlapping data problem and small sample bias.Main findings: The analysis of the key market indices has shown that they explain much of the variation in the long-horizon future cumulative returns, as well as in cumulative excess returns.

12

The Employee as the Unknown Actor? A Discourse Analysis of the Employee Share Ownership Debate with Special Emphasis on Central and Eastern Europe

88%

Kranz O., Steger T., Hartz R.

Organizacija

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2016

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vol. 49

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issue 2

77-92

EN

Background and purpose: Although employee share ownership (ESO) deserves of a long tradition, we still know little about employees’ perspectives about ESO. The lack of knowledge about the employees’ attitudes towards ESO is discursively filled in the ESO debate. This paper challenges that deficit by carrying out a semantic analysis of the literature with the aim to identify the various actor constructions used implicitly in the ESO discourse. Design/Methodology/Approach: We conduct a semantic analysis of the ESO discourse. To unfold the order of this discourse we draw on the distinction between surface and underlying structure of communication in the sense of Michel Foucault. We interpret some semantic lead differences, a term coined by Niklas Luhmann, to constitute the underlying structure of communication. Results: We can identify six different streams on the ESO discourse’s surface level each defined by the ends pursued. The discourse’s underlying structure is made up of the distinctions production-consumption, capital-labour, and ownership-control that also determine the actor models implicitly in use. Conclusion: We can identify five different actor models implicit in the ESO discourse. While the CEE discourse differs on the surface level in as far as it is more concerned with questions of political legitimation of the privatisation process than with questions of economic efficiency, thus introducing political distinctions in the discourse rather missing in the west, it shares the underlying semantic lead differences with the Western discourse as well as the actor models anchored in those differences.

13

„Při odlivu klesají všechny lodě“: Dopady hospodářské krize po roce 2008 na muže a ženy ve střední a východní Evropě

88%

Nagy B., Fodor É.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 2

4-15

EN

In this paper we explore the impact of the economic recession of 2008 on gender inequality in the labour force in Central and Eastern European countries. We argue that job and occupational segregation protected women’s employment more than men’s in the CEE region as well, but unlike in more developed capitalist economies, women’s level of labour force participation declined and their rates of poverty increased during the crisis years. We also explore gender differences in opinions on the impact of the recession on people’s job satisfaction. For our analysis we use published data from EUROSTAT and our own calculations from EU SILC and ESS 2010.

14

Expected Leadership Competences in the Labour Market in Alumni’s Career Paths. A Study in Poland and Other Cee Countries

88%

Haromszeki Ł., Jarco P.

Journal of Intercultural Management

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2015

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vol. 7

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issue 4

35-53

EN

The authors indicate the role of leadership competences as a factor which is a response to the expectations of the labor market. In this presentation, leadership competences are treated as a system of skills existing among leadership relationships. The research of curricula in the best business schools around the world sees leadership as a dynamic, interdisciplinary approach to shaping the organizational reality and they treat this as the main goal of education. Experiences of business schools confirm that leadership skills could only be learnt in a practical approach to teaching, including workshops, simulations, work samples etc. The differences between teaching and market expectations on chosen positions, also in analyzed aspect, called the competence gap, have been studied for the last few years (2007-2013) and co-financed by the UE in the Human Capital Operational Program. After the completion of these projects we have to assume, that we still don’t have explicit or complete information about unadjustedness of skills to expectations of positions in chosen trades. The chance of precise identification and defining existing competence gaps is conducting studies of alumni career paths, who in their assessment collate possibilities of learning in business schools with the expectations of employers. Hence in the further part of this article we present the opinions of business school’s alumni about competence adjustedness in the domain of leadership skills. The last part of this article is an analysis of similarities and differences between the results of studies conducted in Poland and other CEE countries.

15

Eficiency of services in CEE countries-case study of Poland and Belarus

88%

Skąpska E., Rollnik-Sadowska E.

Economics and Business Review

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2020

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vol. 6(20)

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issue 4

118-133

EN

The aim of the paper is to identify determinants of the eficiency of service companies from two Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries4-Poland and Belarus. These transition economies represent diefrent economic and systemic conditions. That is why it is worth analyzing whether external conditions determine internal eficiency factors in service companies. In order to achieve that aim quantitative research was conducted among 305 Polish and Belarusian service enterprises. The research results presented significant diefrences in responses between the two countries. For Polish enterprises the main determinants of eficiency were above all connected with competent and skilled staff Belarussian companies regarded as eficiency factors which determine the demand level by means of access toward foreign markets and possibilities of internationalization. It proves that CEECs are not homogeneous and they represent diefrent levels of economic development as well as the diefrent conditions of running a business.

16

New patterns in the position of CEE countries in global value chains: functional specialisation approach

88%

Kordalska A., Olczyk M.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2021

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vol. 12

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issue 1

35-52

EN

Research background: High servitisation of manufacturing makes it impossible to separate services from manufactured goods properly, which implies difficulties in the assessment of the position of the country on the smile curve, i.e. in the proper assignment of products or services to one of the industrial process steps: pre-production, pure fabrication or post-production services. Therefore, we propose to use the business functions of industries identified with the aid of labour market data rather than the industrial classification of products in order to create a more appropriate measure of the position of countries in GVCs. Purpose of the article: We aim to identify and analyse the patterns of functional specialisation for eight Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) - the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia - both at the country and industry level. In addition, we analyse functional specialisation patterns for Germany, which serves as a reference country. Methods: To assess functional specialisation patterns, we employ the methodology proposed by Timmer et al. (2019a). It allows us to obtain functional specialisation indices for four different business functions - management, R&D, marketing, and fabrication. To compute them, we combine two sources of data - domestic value added from decomposed sectoral input-output tables (the World Input Output Database) and the Occupations Database built up by Timmer et al. (2019a). Findings & value added: Our research shows a very heterogeneous pattern in CEEC countries' position in GVCs by taking into account their functional specialisation at the countries and industries levels. Poland and Slovakia focus primarily on low value-added fabrication processes, the Baltic countries and Slovenia specialise in management services, Hungary and Latvia gain in marketing services, and the Czech Republic and Slovenia win in R&D activities. We indicate that some CEE countries (Poland, Slovakia) could be stuck in a functional trap, and our approach could be a valuable tool for assessing the process of coming out of it.

17

A Comparison of the Effects of Capital and Labour Taxes in CEE Countries

75%

Krajewski P., Piłat K.

Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe

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2022

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vol. 25

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issue 3

27-42

PL

Cel artykułu stanowi porównanie oddziaływania podatków nakładanych na dochody z pracy i kapitału na gospodarki krajów Europy Środkowo‑Wschodniej. Otrzymane funkcje reakcji na impulsy fiskalne pokazują, że podatki nakładane na dochody z kapitału wpływają na PKB w odmienny sposób niż podatki nakładane na dochody z pracy. Mimo że występuje pewna heterogeniczność pomiędzy analizowanymi krajami w sile i czasie trwania efektów zmian podatkowych, to wykonane symulacje generalnie ukazują, że negatywny wpływ zwiększenia stóp podatkowych na gospodarkę jest w przypadku podatków kapitałowych silniejszy niż w przypadku podatków nakładanych na wynagrodzenia. Co ważniejsze, negatywne skutki wyższego opodatkowania dochodów z kapitału mają charakter bardziej długotrwały niż w przypadku wzrostu opodatkowania dochodów z wynagrodzeń. Wynika to z faktu, że wyższe opodatkowanie kapitału silnie ogranicza poziom inwestycji i poziom pożądanego zasobu kapitału trwałego, co generuje długoterminowe negatywne skutki dla kształtowania się produkcji w analizowanych krajach.

EN

The aim of the article is to quantify and compare the impact of capital and labour tax on the economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The impulse‑response functions presented in the paper show that output reacts differently to changes in the taxation of labour and capital. Although there is some heterogeneity in the magnitude and persistence of tax effects between the analysed CEE countries, the simulations generally indicate that the negative impact of increased capital taxation on GDP is stronger than for labour taxation. More importantly, however, the negative effects of higher taxation on capital are more persistent than in the taxation of labour. This is largely because higher capital taxation strongly reduces savings and the desired stock of capital, which has important long‑term macroeconomic consequences.

18

Deterioration of the Quality of Liberal Democracy in the Central and Eastern European Countries. The Case of Eleven European Union Members

75%

Kubas S.

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

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2021

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issue 6 (64)

79-90

PL

Artykuł analizuje jakość demokracji liberalnej w jedenastu państwach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej będących członkami Unii Europejskiej. W procesie badawczym uwzględniono pięć czynników obrazujących pogarszający się stan procesu demokratyzacji, w tym m.in. poparcie elektoratu dla populistycznych partii politycznych, przestrzeganie zasady państwa prawa, czy stan korupcji. W trakcie badań wykorzystano analizę i syntezę danych, podejście porównawcze oraz metodę ilościowo-jakościową. W wyniku analizy wyłaniają się trzy kategorie państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej ze względu na jakość i poziom demokracji liberalnej w kontekście jej pogarszającego się stanu: państwa o znacznym spadku jakości demokracji, państwa o małym spadku jakości demokracji, państwa o stabilnej demokracji.

EN

The article analyzes the quality of liberal democracy in 11 Central and Eastern European countries, the European Union members. The paper examines the most important fields of the process of democratization, enabling to trace the deterioration of liberal democracy like electorate’s support for populist parties, neglecting the rule of the state of law, and the level of corruption. The methods of research are the analysis and synthesis of the material, comparative method, quantitative-qualitative method. Upon the analysis, the typology of three trends of the deterioration of democratization in CEE countries can be offered: massive deterioration, small decrease, stable democracy.

19

Zmiany na rynkach pracy krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w kontekście ich konkurencyjności międzynarodowej

75%

Grynia A.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2018

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issue 529

109-119

PL

Wzrost aktywności gospodarczej w krajach EŚW skutkuje wzrostem popytu na pracę. Jednakże rosnącemu popytowi nie towarzyszy rosnąca podaż pracy. Wręcz odwrotnie, w ostatnich latach uwidacznia się problem kurczenia się podaży pracy. Kurcząca się podaż pracy w krajach EŚW może stanowić istotną barierę wzrostu i skutkować pogorszeniem ich konkurencyjności międzynarodowej. Celem artykułu jest określenie głównych trendów na rynku pracy w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w latach 2007-2017 w kontekście kształtowania ich zdolności konkurencyjnej. Oceny sytuacji na krajowych rynkach pracy dokonano na podstawie analizy wybranych wskaźników: zatrudnienia, bezrobocia, salda migracji, mediany wieku oraz obciążenia demograficznego. Określenia zaś roli rynku pracy w kształtowaniu konkurencyjności krajów EŚW dokonano w oparciu o raporty Światowego Forum Ekonomicznego.

EN

The increase in economic activity in the CEE countries leads to an increase in labor demand. However, growing demand for labor is not responding to growing supply. In recent years, the problem of decreasing labor supply has become apparent. Declining labor supply in the CEE countries may become a significant barrier to growth and lead to the deterioration of their international competitiveness. The aim of the article is to determine the main trends on the labor market in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in 2007-2017 in the context of their competitive ability. The situation on the national labor markets was assessed based on an analysis of selected indicators: employment, unemployment, migration balance, median age and demographic burden. The determination of the role of the labor market in shaping the competitiveness of CEE countries was made on the basis of the reports of the World Economic Forum.

20

“16+1” challenge or opportunity of EU

75%

Ping P.

Polish Journal of Political Science

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2018

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vol. 4

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issue 2

7-27

EN

“16+1” forum was proposed by China for the implementation of “Belt and Road” initiative. Since the establishment of 16+1, the trade between China and CEE countries increased significantly. It aroused warm response of CEE countries which actively supported the cooperation with China. However, the cooperation between China and CEE countries aroused doubts of EU, which considered that “16+1” is a challenge of unity of EU. Based on the theory of neoliberalism, and use the method of case studies, the thesis is to analyze China’s motivation towards cooperation with CEE countries and find out “16+1” is an opportunity rather than a challenge of EU.

Refine search results

Competitiveness, fiscal policy and corruption: evidence from Central and Eastern European countries

Labour Productivity, Ict and Complementary Factors in the CEE Region

“It’s not just a matter of increasing numbers!” Advancing women’s political representation in quota-adopting countries

The Digital Economy, ICT and Economic Growth in the CEE Countries

The Emerging Models of Capitalism in CEE Countrie – a Tentative Comparison with Western Europe

Policies on intergroup relations in Central and East European cities: a comparative analysis of Budapest, Prague, Wrocław and Tallinn

The CEE countries’ first decade of EU membership: from policy-takers towards agenda-setters?

Non-life insurance markets in CEE countries – part I: Products’ structure

Socio-economic determinants of financial inclusion in Central and Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic

Are Larger Banks More Efficient in the Central Eastern European Countries?

Output and Expected Returns in Central and Eastern European Countries

The Employee as the Unknown Actor? A Discourse Analysis of the Employee Share Ownership Debate with Special Emphasis on Central and Eastern Europe

„Při odlivu klesají všechny lodě“: Dopady hospodářské krize po roce 2008 na muže a ženy ve střední a východní Evropě

Expected Leadership Competences in the Labour Market in Alumni’s Career Paths. A Study in Poland and Other Cee Countries

Eficiency of services in CEE countries-case study of Poland and Belarus

New patterns in the position of CEE countries in global value chains: functional specialisation approach

A Comparison of the Effects of Capital and Labour Taxes in CEE Countries

Deterioration of the Quality of Liberal Democracy in the Central and Eastern European Countries. The Case of Eleven European Union Members

Zmiany na rynkach pracy krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w kontekście ich konkurencyjności międzynarodowej

“16+1” challenge or opportunity of EU