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Czas trwania cmentarzysk kultury przeworskiej

100%
Tokarczyk T.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
|
2010
|
vol. 5
403-437
EN
Author considers the length of functioning of Przeworsk culture cemeteries on the base of detailed chronology. A half of them was used from 160 to 300 years. Only few cemeteries lasted longer time. Most of them was initiated in two periods: A1 and B2. The end of cemeteries is also mainly dated on two periods: the turn of B2/C1 and the beginning of Migration Period.
2

Mauzoleji Rīgas, Jelgavas un Liepājas pilsētas kapsētās

100%
Grosmane E.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2014
|
vol. 17
52-59
EN
The article by the Baltic German architect Paul Campe (1885–1960), originally titled ‘Mausoleumsbauten auf den Stadtfriedhöfen in Riga, Mitau und Libau’, was translated into Latvian and commented by Elita Grosmane. It documents the now largely lost constructions of memorial architecture once found the cemeteries of Latvia’s major cities, outlining their features.
3
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UMELO DEFORMOVANÉ LEBKY V OBDOBÍ SŤAHOVANIA NÁRODOV A VO VČASNOM STREDOVEKU NA ÚZEMÍ SLOVENSKA

88%
Elgyütt J.
Študijné zvesti
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2014
|
issue 56
111 - 121
EN
In the Migration Period custom of artificial cranial deformation comes in on our territory through the migration of ethnic groups. Deformations of this type are mainly associated with the arrival of the Huns in the Carpathian Basin. In rare cases, this custom occurs in the cemeteries of later period. There are various reasons for cranial deformation by human modifications. Variety of such incentives ranges from religious purposes up to highlight beauty of an individual. For the artificial modification of skulls different methods were used according to ethnic group customs. For cranial deformation a wide range of facilities were used.
4
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THE NORTHERN PART OF THE SANDOMIERZ BASIN IN THE EARLY ROMAN PERIOD. SETTLEMENTS – CEMETERIES – ELITES

88%
Lasota-Kuś  A., Madyda-Legutko  R.
Študijné zvesti
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2023
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vol. 70
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issue 1
103 – 124
EN
The Early Roman artefacts found in the interfluve of the rivers Vistula and San indicate that the travel and transport routes that run through the area in question led not only to the development of local settlement but also to the formation of a hierarchical local society. This is indicated by the presence of richly furnished burials, with grave goods including imported metal vessels. In the Younger and Late Roman Period, the region underwent changes caused by the growth of settlement and its move to the south.
5
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POHREBISKÁ Z DOBY LATÉNSKEJ NA SLOVENSKU. STAV BÁDANIA

75%
Repka D.
Študijné zvesti
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2014
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issue 56
23 - 54
EN
In comparison with settlements finds, more attention was paid in Slovakia to cemeteries or single graves of the La Tene period, but newer evidence of sites of this character from all over Slovakia is still absent. The article deals with the mapping of La Tene period burial findings in the territory of Slovakia. Until now, we have registered 120 locations with evidence of burial in the La Tene period. The presentation of the development and present state of research (processing and publishing) is also an important part of this paper. The focus will be put also on the chronological and geographical aspect of this problematic.
6
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LASST DIE KNOCHEN SPRECHEN! KNOCHEN-, GEWEIH- UND ZAHNARTEFAKTE DER VEKERZUG-KULTUR

63%
Kozubová A.
Študijné zvesti
|
2020
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vol. 67
|
issue 1
53 - 76
EN
In the present study, we deal with relatively numerous bone, antler and tooth artefacts of the Vekerzug culture, which come mainly from graves. Their settlement findings are yet less frequent because of limited state of publishing. Providing a more complex overview of these finds was at the centre of our interest, focused mainly on their cultural-spatial analysis, identifying the possible function of some types of artefacts and the analysis of decorative motifs on some bone/antler objects. In the Vekerzug culture, bone and antler artefacts are typological though less varied, but some of them like decorated hollow cylindrical objects, iron knives with a zoomorphic and/or geometric ornaments on the bone/antler grip and two-piece razors are its typical feature. Some types of weapons and their parts, horse harnesses, tools and toilet instruments were made of bone and antler. Pieces of bone and animal teeth were sometimes used for personal adornments. In the Vekerzug culture, the occurrence of some types of bone/antler artefacts we can associate with the influences from the eastern Hallstatt cultural milieu, while the eastern relations are rarely observed here.
7
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Prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej na cmentarzach wyznaniowych przez osoby prawne Kościoła katolickiego

51%
Piszcz-Czapla M.
Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego
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2011
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vol. 14
187-202
PL
Prawodawstwo Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej zapewnia kościołom i innym związkom wyznaniowym prawo posiadania, zarządzania oraz zakładania i poszerzania cmentarzy grzebalnych przy zachowaniu przepisów dotyczących cmentarzy i chowania zmarłych. Miejscom tym, co do zasady, Państwo gwarantuje nienaruszalność. Jednakże z decyzji Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów dotyczących kościelnych osób prawnych zarządzających cmentarzami, które to decyzje były potwierdzone przez sądownictwo antymonopolowe, wyraźnie wynika, że do cmentarzy wyznaniowych odnoszone są wszystkie obowiązujące przepisy prawa, w tym ustawy z dnia 16 lutego 2007 r. o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów. Ze wspomnianą linią orzeczniczą nie zgadzają się przedstawiciele Kościoła Katolickiego, którzy poruszają tę sprawę m.in. na forum Komisji Wspólnej Przedstawicieli Rządu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i Konferencji Episkopatu Polski. Kwestia prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej na cmentarzach wyznaniowych wymaga szerszych wyjaśnień, szczególnie z uwagi na fakt różnego rozumienia definicji przedsiębiorcy na gruncie ustawy o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów.
EN
Polish legislation gives churches and other religious associations the right of ownership, management and establishment of cemeteries in compliance with the relevant legal provisions on cemeteries and burial. In principle, the state guarantees inviolability of such sites. However, judging by the decisions of the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection concerning judicial persons managing cemeteries, such decisions having been upheld by antitrust jurisdiction, it transpires that religious cemeteries are affected by all applicable laws, including the Act of 16 February 2007 on competition and consumer protection. This trend in the existing case-law has been opposed by the Catholic Church representatives who raise this issue, for example, in the Joint Commission of the Representatives of the Polish Government and the Polish Episcopal Conference. The issue of conducting business activity in religious burial grounds calls for a broader elucidation, especially given diverse interpretations of the definition of an entrepreneur under the Act on competition and consumer protection.
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