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The Burial Ground of the Nitra Culture from Slatinice, distr. of Olomouc. Anthropological analysis

100%
Dockalova M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 1
41-56
EN
The first extensive group of the graves of the Nitra culture in Moravia was obtained during the archaeological excavations in Holesov in 1964-1970. The anthropological material has been preserved only in fragments. From the total number of 420 burials only six skulls were used for measuring and calculations of their lengths and widths, which was a negligible sample. The burial ground of the Nitra culture in Slatinice, presented in this study, was excavated in 2002. The excavations yielded well-preserved anthropological material from 22 graves with 23 buried individuals. The anthropological analyses determined 12 males, 8 females and 3 infants. The males were of age categories from iuvenis to maturus and they died at the age of 20-40 years. The female age categories were iuvenis-maturus and their age at death ranges between 14-29 and 30-40 years. The average age at death in the entire population was 20-29 years. Concerning the age, 72.2% were adults; 27.3% adolescents and infants. According to sex, there were 50% of males, 22.7% of females and 27,3% of adolescents and children in the population. Calculated average height of the males was 166.1 cm and females 155 cm. The state of health of the population under study was good; we found healed fractures of the forearms and legs, as well as a healed skull injury. We recorded also innate and hereditary symptoms - metopism, spina bifida, leg defect and negligible occurrence of tooth decays. From the anthropological point of view, the population from Slatinice can be described as a markedly dolichomorphic group, which corresponds with the results of the analyses from the Nitra-culture burial grounds in Holesov and with skeletons from Branc and Vycapy-Opatovce.
2

The Burial Ground of the Nitra Culture from Slatinice, district of Olomouc

88%
Smid M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
1-32
EN
On October 2002 a small burial ground of the Nitra culture was explored east of Slatinice (distr. of Olomouc). A dense concentration of the graves on a rather small place in the context with excavated area leads us to the result that we explored the entire burial site. The shortest distance to the river Morava's right bank is 11 km. The graves were situated along the oval perimeter with an empty centre, the longer axis of which was SW-NE oriented and 22.5 m long; the shorter axis was NW-SE oriented and 15 m long. Fourteen graves were of oblong ground plan, in six graves the pit shape can be classified as a deformed rectangle, other two were trapeze. All of them have more or less rounded corners. The sidewalls of four graves were stepped. As far as their size is concerned, the grave pits rather varied. Apart from the children graves, the size of which corresponded with the deceased's age, the limits ranged between 215 x 135 cm and 130 x 85 cm. In the both men were buried. Comparing the size of these grave pits with those in which the women were buried, we found no substantial difference between male and female burials. The burial ground is characterised by a strict bipolarity in burying the deads. The men were lying on their right side, with the head to the SW, and the women on their left side, with the head to the NE. Equipment of the graves under study was relatively poor, consisting of pottery, copper jewellery, cylindrical bone or antler beads, flat nacre beads (total number of approx. 1000 pieces), the beads made of green-blue glass material - faience, bone awls and silicite blades and arrow points. Remains of meaty food, found at bottoms of vessels or in their vicinity can be classified as a charity. Only in one case the animal ribs were lying free behind the dead's back. Pottery was found in 9 graves (41%) and only 4 burials were without any equipment. The spectral analysis of the metal ornaments showed they were made of copper of the Slovak provenience; the analysis of the faience proved their Egyptian origin. Apart from the graves also industrial objects were explored on the area, 5 of them were of La Téne origin, 11 from the Roman period and 6 objects cannot be dated, lacking any finds.
3
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Revitalizace hliněných staveb na přelomu tisíciletí

75%
Dunajova A., Zabickova I.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 2
84-96
EN
The authoresses deal with the phenomenon of returning clay as material used for construction of new houses and repairs of traditional clay buildings. The first chapter includes the historic excursus that is followed by characterization of using the clay-building construction techniques within the country environment in Central and South Moravia. In these regions, clay prevailed in construction of farmsteads since the 18th century whereby it developed especially in the 19th century. Recently, clay has been used again for reconstructions of landmarks as documented by concrete cases. The second part of the essay sums up the situation abroad where especially France belongs to the top European countries in the field of the unburnt-clay buildings research. Close to Lyon is situated an experimental settlement built from unburnt clay, and special university programs (CRATerre Centre, GAIA and TERRA 2000 projects) deal with the research of clay-building construction techniques. Other European countries paying high attention to clay in building industry are Germany with university research and a central organization (Dachverband Lehm) and Austria where they do essential experiments in the field of ecological architecture. Furthermore, the essay analyses the most often defects in existing clay buildings (mainly humidity and its causes), the reconstructions of those buildings and the ways of using the clay material in new constructions.
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