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1

Konieczność i przypadek w ewolucji Wszechświata

100%
Heller M.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
|
2010
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vol. 46
|
issue 1
17-24
EN
The paper deals with the role of chance in the evolution of the Universe. Chance (randomness) does not undermine the structure of the Universe encoded in the laws of nature, but constitutes an indispensable element of that structure, an element in-built, in a non-linear way, in the dynamic architecture of the whole. Moreover, random events do not contradict mathematical orderliness of the Universe, because they themselves are mathematical in character. The paper suggests also that mathematical structure of the Universe echoes the Mind of God which, together with the previous statements, implies that random events are important part of that Mind.
2

RAZOR AS AN INSTRUMENT OF MURDER AND KNOWLEDGE (ON A CHANCE IN THE S. LEM'S WORKS) (Britva ako nastroj vrazdy a poznania (O nahode v tvorbe S. Lema))

86%
Matejovic P.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2009
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vol. 56
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issue 5-6
464-469
EN
The author deals with two fictions by Stanislaw Lem 'Investigation' (Vysetrovanie) and 'Memoirs Found in a Bathtub' (Dennik najdeny vo vani). He follows up the Lem's work from the aspect of overlapping genres (sci-fi, detective story, spy thriller, essay and political satire). He focused mainly on the motif of chance. Theoretically he comes from the opinions of contemporary Polish literary theoreticians (Maciej Plaza: 'O poznaniu w twórczosci Stanislawa Lema, 2006; Rafal Koschany: 'Przypadek, Kategoria egzystencjalna i artystyczna w literaturze i filmie', 2006; a collection of works 'Efekt motyla, Humansci wobec teorii chaosu'). The author introduces S. Lem as a 'discursive fiction writer', his works balance among so called popular genres, fine literature and essays. Genre syncretism is a characteristic feature for Lem's detective stories. The important element is not a crime itself but disclosing of a perpetrator, seeking of indicia and a man-to-man battle. Significant role belongs also to decoding the secrecy and mystery. Lem is interested predominately in the problem of chance fluctuations, which means something for what in the establishing cultural paradigm are not names, terms. There is only an obsessive need to receive and assimilate them. Lem's detective does not fulfil a stabilizing function in the sense of 'moral expectancy' or guaranty to an institutional norm. Opposite is true. Crime in Lem's story is subordinated to statistics, it is a phenomenon that is so much improbable that appears outside the rank of rational understanding (events determined as 'vis maior'). Lem's gesture could be explained as a part of intellectual provocation. Lem in (anti)detective story applies a theoretical model, relating to the terms of informatics and logics. In the fiction 'Memoirs Found in a Bathtub' the motif of razor appears quite often. It has two meanings. The razor means a murdering instrument and also the razor is a metaphor (Occam's razor).
3

CHANCE AS A SUBVERSIVE ELEMENT IN THE 1960S PHILOSOPHICAL AND AESTHETIC DISCOURSE (Nahoda ako subverzivny prvok filozofickeho a estetickeho diskurzu sestdesiatych rokov)

86%
Matejovic P.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2011
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vol. 58
|
issue 2
98-104
EN
The author uses chosen texts (philosophical essays) and films of the 1960s new wave as examples to demonstrate the function of chance serving as a subversive element in the philosophical and aesthetic discourse of that time. In particular he pays attention to M. Forman's film Cerny Petr (Black Peter), Vladimir Minac's essay Paradoxy okolo umenia (Paradoxes around the arts) and J. P. Sartre's piece of writing Marxism and Existentialism. As well as to chance he pays attention to the motifs of everyday life and authenticity, which used to be previously kept in the background - what used to be perceived as a marginal and non-systemic becomes a legitimate part of the theoretical reflection. In the conclusion the author states that the role of chance in the 1960 literature, art and film cannot be reduced to a sort of arbitrariness, or uncontrolled behaviour. Its function tends to be related to moments of playfulness and spontaneity, which at the same time review everyday life as a kind of creative potential present in film and literature as well as music and fine art.
4

ELEMENTS OF A THEORY OF NONPHYSICAL AGENTS IN THE PHYSICAL WORLD

86%
Meixner U.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2019
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vol. 26
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issue 1
104 – 121
EN
This paper shows that there is a quantum-physical and evolution-biological perspective for (libertarian) free will, and that the so-called scientific arguments against it are in reality metaphysical arguments and insufficient. The paper also develops the idea of a nonphysical organ of higher organisms: the Domindar (Detector of macroscopic in determination, and restrictor).
5

Is Chance An 'Element' Of Miracle? In Search For Common Aspect Of Miraculous And Chance Events

86%
Swiezynski A.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
|
2010
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vol. 46
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issue 2
25-47
EN
Philosophical attempts to answer the question as to what chance is and the question as to the possibility of the existence of the miracle, are ineluctably bound up with the problem of the concept and structure of the laws of nature. It thus appears that the most competent area of philosophical deliberation, within the framework of which one might seek the answer to the foregoing questions, is the philosophy of nature, rooted within contemporary natural sciences. An extraordinary event, one which we are unable to incorporate into the regularities of nature as we know them, may be such either on account of its ontic structure, or on account of the observer's limited cognitive capabilities. What emerges here is a convergence between the empirical element of a miraculous event and an event which we describe as a chance event, in the sense of there being an absence of cause/a lack of knowledge regarding the cause.
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