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THE RESPONSE OF THE THEOLOGICAL THOUGHT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF JENA TO THE BIRTH OF DARWINISM ACCORDING TO ERNS HAECKEL (Reakcja mysli teologicznej Uniwersytetu Jenenskiego wobec rodzacego sie darwinizmu Ernsta Haeckla)

100%
Cebula P.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2010
|
vol. 9
97-131
EN
The present paper brings up issues of the relationships between the evolutionary theory and religion in Jena University in the second part of the 19th century. Differences between original Darwinian evolutionary theory and philosophical interpretations of this theory are reported. As an example, the dispute between biologist and philosophical monist Ernst Haeckel and theologian Bernhard Puenjer is recounted. A point of departure for this dispute - the lecture Uber das Verhaltniss des Darwinismus zu Religion und Sittlichkeit - is summarized and commented.
2

LUDWIK ZYCHLINSKI'S REMARKS ON THEORY OF EVOLUTION (Uwagi Ludwika Zychlinskiego w kwestii teorii ewolucji)

100%
Stawarz M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2010
|
vol. 9
71-85
EN
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries the reception of the theory of evolution was a popular issue discussed in the scientific community of Poland. The revolutionary Darwin's theory as well as the great number of misunderstandings and controversies growing up around it have contributed to increase of scientist's interest in this subject. Ludwik Zychlinski who was not a professional philosopher but was interested in issues connected with theory of evolution took part in the debate. In my paper I present Zychlinski's critical remarks concerning the German philosophers' (E.Heackel and his followers) outlooks. These remarks reveal that the materialistic interpretation of the theory of evolution is not justified. A particular emphasis was placed on the fact of the abuse of Darwin's theory for defending a materialistic outlook.
3

ROMUALD SWIERZBIENSKI'S TWO CRITIQUES OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION (Romualda Swierzbienskiego dwie krytyki teorii ewolucji)

100%
Butrymowski P., Hohol M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2010
|
vol. 9
6-34
EN
After Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, a lot of people started to be uncertain whether the proposed theory of evolution is compatible with their religious beliefs. It is, therefore, hardly surprising that in the second part of the 19th century we see quite a big number of scientists choose some radical solutions such as becoming a monist or an atheist. On the other hand, there are people who reject the new biological theory in favour of tradition and some archetypical picture of the world with a human as the crowning achievement of God's creation. In 1871 the Polish doctor of medicine, Romuald Swierzbienski, published the work 'Do humans originate from apes?' in which he strongly criticised the theory of evolution. Two years later, in 1873, he continued his attack but in a more polite and methodologically correct tone in the work 'How much truth is there in Darwin's work <>'? In our paper we will analyze and comment on both works of Romuald Swierzbienski. We will also present a hypothesis that there is a noticeable evolution in his criticism. As in his first publication, he mainly used anthropocentric world-view arguments, whereas in the second he preferred to refer to contemporary knowledge from biology and geology. We could even say that he turned from irrational philosophy to methodological naturalism. However, a particular argument can be found in both works. According to it, if a theory could not explain some facts, it means that it is wrong and therefore the opposite theory is better.
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