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EN
The study deals with the analysis of suprasegmental qualities in Slovak child directed speech (CDS). Based on the audio-records of two mothers (M1 and M2) in verbal ineraction with their 11 months old children (M1 with her daughter, M2 with her son) and separately with their adult relatives (AS), the four basic hypotheses – (a) the voice pitch is higher in CDS than in AS; (b) melody in CDS is more variable and expressive and also with greater tone intervals than in AS; (c) the average speechtempo is lower in CDS than in AS; (d) pauses in CDS are in average longer than in AS – are verified and proved by the experimental and statistic methods.
EN
The authors deal with suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents. They examined 38 patients (7 boys and 31 girls) hospitalised in 2004 after the suicidal attempt on Faculty Hospital Motol children's psychiatric clinic. In mentioned sample, the way of accomplishment by intoxication by medicaments prevailed (31 persons, i.e. 81 %), the family conflicts were the frequent motive of suicidal behaviour, not seldom in combination with partner conflicts and peer conflicts. As current psychopathological manifestations, in 79 % the depressive symptomatic was found, and in 39 % the behavioural disorders were found. Impulsivity and sensitivity were the predominating disharmonic personality traits. The risk factor of dysfunctional family is noticeable.
EN
This study aims to examine more closely the child´s conception of kinship and thus to clarify, particularly for the adult reader, how children perceive the family and kinship, how they construct their idea of the abstract kinship network, whom they include among their nearest kin, and why. The work should also to some extent fill blank spaces in the series of research projects on the family whose scale of respondents is aimed purely at child informants, because in acquiring the necessary data I cooperated with and made use of the knowledge of 10 children in pre-school age (5-7). Results confirm that children have all the assumed knowledge about kinship and the ability to employ kinship terms correctly in practice, and they make use of this ability. In conclusion, I can only hope that my work will stimulate others also to do research with children.
EN
The authoress focuses on the position of a child in a family after 1989. She examines the data gathered during the field research in the village of Pitelova. In the first part she analyses the status and responsibilities of children at home. In the next part she deals with their upbringing in both family and other institutions.
EN
A professional family is an organizational form of institutional care which is used mainly in residential children’s homes. By considering the psychological development of the child and by providing a supportive environment, the professional family provides systematic, purposeful and professional care and education for the child. It attempts to respect age differences and developmental disorders in the child. The professional family provides this care and education continually for a specific period of time. The process of forming a relationship between the parents and the children being cared for is very problematic. There is a significant lack of clarity and many problems exist in this field and to make it worse the status of the professional parents, mainly the professional mother are not clearly defined. We attempted to define this status through qualitative research using the theory of object relations by Donald Wood Winnicott.
EN
The vocation to parenthood is one of the basic tasks of the spouses. In the modern world marital infertility is one of the ever more common problems affecting married couples. On the other hand, ever more often we encounter situations, in which parents, especially single mothers, do not want to raise their children. The meeting of the needs of people in both these situations makes the so-called unwanted or rejected children get a chance to find parental love and a family home by means of adoption. The article tackles the issue of adoption present in the teaching of the Magisterium of the Church. It indicates that accepting a born child to the family through adoption is a requirement of the spouses' fertile love, but also a Christian fulfillment of the commandment of love, the service to life and a way to preach the 'Gospel of life' by means of acts of love given to the most needy child. Adoption is not an easy thing, an event that happens once, but it amounts to saying 'yes' to love; it is accepting a certain way of life, in which serving another man and Christ present in the 'least' man is the first and supreme aim of adoptive parents' life. It is also worth stressing that the necessity to shape and create mentality serves a man not as something exceptional, but exactly as the style of life of Christian spouses.
EN
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived maternal and paternal parental behaviours (support and restrictive control) and affective well-being (positive and negative affect) in children. The study involved 166 primary school children (75 girls, 91 boys), aged 8 to 12 years (M = 10.15, SD = 0.86), who completed the Parental Behaviour Questionnaire and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children. The results showed that both maternal and paternal support and restrictive control were significantly correlated with children’s positive and negative affect. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for the child’s age and gender, maternal support and restrictive control significantly predicted children’s positive affect and only maternal restrictive control predicted negative affect. However, when paternal behaviours were included in the analyses, significant predictors of children’s positive affect were maternal and paternal support and paternal restrictive control, while significant predictors of negative affect were only paternal behaviours.
EN
The article provides the comprehensive view of development changes in the Czech sexual scene. This development is monitored from traditional attitudes of our society to the present liberal structure. Through the whole text the theme of childhood is observed on the background of sexual morality change. The text describes the changes in sexual morality from the total control of the church to the beginning of the first legal anchoring of sexual morality. The text introduces further the view to the obligation of marriage in the pre-industrial society and also the matter of natality and its adjustment. A dividing line is formed by the article part devoted to the era of sexual revolution in the 60’s of the 20th century. This part is followed by the section describing the current situation in Czech families and the relationship changes in them. The final part of the article is devoted to social-pathological phenomena in the current liberal society. The text introduces also the topics as sex tourism, child pornography, grooming and sexual abuse of children in families.
EN
The aim of the text is to present the evolution of the concept of „childhood“ and discourses of childhood in social science literature and to highlight the link between ideas about who is a child and what is the nature of childhood and education. The article also discusses changes of ideas about childhood in the context of transition from socialism to capitalism and democratic regime and shows different conceptions of childhood in contemporary Czech society. Using examples of parental ethno theories of childhood among selected social groups living in Czech Republic (socially excluded Roma, Vietnamese immigrants, unschoolers), the text shows how the ideas about who is a child and what is his/her way to adulthood influence the choice of education strategies and what tensions emerge in interaction of various conceptions of childhood.
PL
The aim of this article is to show the role of an innocent child as the true mystic, which formally represents the completion of the “Blue Flower”, the main symbol of the German Age of Romanticism, the epoch of yearning for the infinity, inner unity, love and redemption. These aspirations, encapsulated in the notion of the innocent child as the true mystic is particularly manifest in the literary works of Novalis and the paintings of Philipp Otto Runge.
PL
The paper is devoted to the educational role of the father in a Roman family as envisioned by Plutarch of Chaeronea in his notion of optimised moral and intellectual development of a boy and young man. Furthermore, the article depicts Roman realities and their relation to the “ideal” recommendations of the Chaeronean, in the context of transformation of morals and changes in methods of bringing up resulting from the expansive policy of Rome from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD.
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Rodzinna edukacja telewizyjna

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EN
Forming skills of appropriate reception of television transmission is a matter of great importance. Family is first and fundamental link that have an effect in shaping media competences of a child. It is a parents responsibility to help the child, since the youngest years, in proper shaping of his relationship with television. How the youngest recipient will use television, not only in the childhood, but also in the adult life depends on how long and how much work parents spend on preparation child to reception of the television. Child, since the youngest years, should be prepared to critical, active and creative use of television. Education with the youngest recipients above-mentioned media competences should become essence of family television education.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy sytuacji dzieci repatriantów z Kazachstanu w polskiej przestrzeni edukacyjnej. Zawężony w ramach obszaru badawczego do szkoły obowiązkowej, proces odnajdywania się w polskiej szkole i poczucie tożsamości zależne są od wielu czynników. Pierwszoplanową rolę odgrywają wśród nich uwarunkowania rodzinne dzieci, jak i osobiste nastawienie każdego z nich do decyzji o repatriacji, która podjęta była przez rodziców. Sytuacja szkolna dzieci repatriantów odróżnia je od dzieci urodzonych i wychowanych w Polsce, które to biegle posługują się językiem polskim. Prezentowane wyniki wskazują, że kapitał kulturowy (w ujęciu Bourdieu) i tzw. kapitał szkolny (w kontekście kultury szkolnej), którym dysponowały dzieci-repatrianci – okazał się zupełnie nieprzydatny w polskich warunkach. Wyjaśnienia poszukiwano w odniesieniu do różnic między środowiskami szkolnymi poszczególnych instytucji edukacyjnych, w Polsce czy w Kazachstanie. Różnice wynikają też z odmiennego odniesienia kulturowego oraz przede wszystkim z funkcjonowania samej szkoły jako instytucji oświatowej. Dzieci repatriantów doświadczały nie tylko nagłego zderzenia dwóch różnych światów społeczno-kulturowych, lecz także swoistego szoku kulturowego, dodatkowo sprzężonego z jednostkowymi cechami charakteru.
EN
The article discusses the situation of children-repatriates from Kazakhstan in the Polish educational space. Focusing on the research area of compulsory schooling, the process of identity-construction and children’s place in Polish school depend on many factors. Of primary importance are the family context and a personal attitude of each child towards the decision about repatriation – which was usually made by their parents. Unlike majority children who are fluent in the Polish language, repatriated children find themselves in a different educational situation. The research results demonstrate that both cultural capital (Bourdieu) and the so-called school capital, that are at the disposal of the repatriated children, have proven useless in Poland. Explanations have been drawn in connection to the differences between schooling environments of different educational institutions, in Poland and in Kazakhstan, These differences stem from a varied cultural reference and, most importantly, from how a school functions as an educational institution. Children-repatriates experienced not only a sudden clash of two different socio-cultural worlds but also a culture shock. These were, in turn, interconnected with their personal traits.
EN
The habilitation lecture deals with issues of the search of the boundaries between privacy of family and the interest of the state in proper education of children. It is very topical issue, because terms such as juvenile justice or forced adoptions of children reverberate throughout Europe and even have been covered by the Resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Its adoption was the result of the disputable practice, in particular of English court. But also parents – foreigners in Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, Croatia or Germany encounter the same problems. The forceful withdrawal of children from their biological families is a contrary to the right to family life and privacy. It is also in contradiction with the positive commitment of the state to create conditions for restoration of natural relations in accordance with the family law. The substitute care, in particular adoption, should be considered only if the natural family environment of the child cannot be restored with help of the state. However, full resignation of the state to the exercise of parental duties and obligations, in particular to the result of child´s education, does not bring the desired result. Proper education of children is not only the interest of their parents, but also an important interest of society. This idea was already formulated by Aristotle stating that „the most important task of the legislator is to arrange the education of youth“. The balance between the protection of privacy, the interests of a child and the interests of society may significantly contribute to this balance. One of the basic means for achievement of the desired balance is sound legislation, for which a wide area has been opened up at the time of recodification of private law.
EN
The article reacts to the existing legal state when the Name and Surname Act permits both the parents and the adopters as „legal parents“ to apply for a change of the name of their child. Among others it permits the administrative authority to decide on this matter without a child’s approval, providing the child is below 15. Until the age of 15 years, administrative authorities do not ascertain a minor child’s opinion regarding the change of his or her name at all and decide exclusively at request of the parents or upon a statement of the adopters. According to some provisions of the Name and Surname Act in two out of three cases the registry office even does not decide on authorization of a minor child’s name and is only obliged to register changes reported by the parents in a prescribed manner. At the same time, the right to a name is one of partial rights of the summary right to identity, as granted to a child by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, communicated under No. 104/1991 Coll. This is a part of the Slovak national legal order, where the protection as a source of the higher legal force, is granted to a child by the Constitutional Court of SR according to Article 125 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. The right to protection of name is also a part of the right to private and family life, which is protected by Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The result of such contradictory wording of the act is an undesirable legal state, where a denial of generally accepted natural legal values brings a child to the position of an „object“ of power manipulation by the parents without examination of the child’s best interest as a fundamental principle of family law and without giving effect to the child’s right to participate in his or her own education, as guaranteed by a series of international sources of law.
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