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Hry a hračky romských dětí

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Polakova J.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 3
172-184
EN
The contribution deals with the research of children's folklore among Romani people. The author proceeds from her own experience, terrain research, written retrospective sources and literature. She was collecting the source materials for the study between 2005 and 2010, in different types of residential areas. Each of them presents specific features in gaming expressions, in knowledge and variability of games as well as in relationship to toys. Children in Roma settlements use toys collectively. Their games have simple rules, they do not last very long and depend on the actual situation, weather, and the possibility to use the surrounding space and the material offered. The nature in their closest neighborhood provides them with wide variability and possibilities. In Roma settlements, one can note modern varieties of traditional children's games even today. Children coming from non-segregated environment of a small town are better interrelated with their toys; they understand 'playing' in the sense coming near to its usual interpretation. Children from urban agglomeration are lacking mostly in the space itself. Their nearer contact with every-day reality and majority inhabitants in the neighborhood are reflected in diversity of games (cards, cara), used toys (toys for sandpit) and e.g. even in using the children's counting-our rhymes implied from Czech cultural environment.
2
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Tendence ve vývoji dětských her divadelního charakteru

100%
Bittnerova D.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 3
162-171
EN
The essay dedicated to children's dramatic games queries the similarity between the content of dramatic intrigue and its presentation in the past and in the present. Considering the trends in repertoire development, the essay draws upon Stepan Backora's collections to describe the status in the mid-19th century; to analyze the contemporary children's games the essay takes advantage of the research among pupils in the elementary schools in Prague. Based on comparison of both game levels as regards content (1. thematic field within which the player accepts his/her new gaming identity; 2. structural motifs taking share in the construction of a dramatic intrigue story), the essay comes to several findings: as to the thematic point of view, the games referring to agricultural culture and the Christian faith have disappeared; the games concerning the choice of partner are passing through transformation; on the contrary, the theme of social bullying has been strengthened. The aforementioned trends are determined by economic development, transformation of social relations within local societies, and, of course, by mass media. As to the structural motifs, they tend to reductions both in their quantity used for construction of a concrete dramatic intrigue, and in their form. In-line-putting of structural motifs as well as their form influence the contemporary dramatic games. Games with simple and anticipatable construction as well as easy-to-remember verbal and motion parts manageable for a great number of players 'playing not well together' have gone through. Such trends are determined by limitation of opportunities suitable to realize a game, by instability of players' groups, their age homogeneity and related absence of relevant 'experts', especially teenagers.
3

„Vinnetou se z okna směje.“ Současná folklorní poezie dětí

86%
Votruba A.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2007
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vol. 94
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issue 4
377-409
EN
The article focuses on the problem of contemporary children's folklore in the Czech Republic - specifically, on songs and rhymes that include names of famous personalities or of film and literary heroes. These songs circulate in children's groups by word of mouth, without any intervention from part of adults. They are characterized by coarse expressions and unsophisticated childish humor. Precisely because of their coarseness these folklore forms are being passed on outside the influence of adults. Even though on the first sight these songs are simple parodies on songs popular at given moment, in fact many of them have outlived several generations. The oldest song included in our collection has been passed over for at least 70 years. Of course, songs about celebrities loose some of their currency with the passing of the time - for example, the rhymes about famous sportsmen. In the 1990s, a song about Soviet astronautics died out, due to the fact that the propaganda that stimulated its humorousness also disappeared. The most popular heroes of children's poetry are the personalities from movies based on books of Karl May (Vinnetou, Old Shatterhand etc.), as well as some famous historical personalities. Besides, there are songs about pop singers, less frequent are those about politicians or sportsmen. Also, there are only few about fairy tales personalities. Melodically these songs are based either on folk songs, or on current hits or theme tunes from TV series. Those children's songs based on traditional songs proved to have much longer lifespan.
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