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Civic Associations And Urban Governance In Harare, Zimbabwe: A Special Focus On The Post -2008 Era

100%
Chirisa I., Kawadza S.
Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies
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2011
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issue 26
59-72
EN
The paper aims at describing and explaining the activities of civil society organisations in the affairs of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe with respect to issues of public participation and governance in the post crises era in the country. The year 2008 was a watershed period in the history of Zimbabwe. It was the peak of Zimbabwe’s economic, social and political crises. February 2009 saw the coming into power of a Government of National Unity (GNU) whose lifespan was however pegged at two years after which there will be national elections again. In this space of time there has been much activity by civic associations in the country pressing demands for local government reform. Critical facets of the reforms and activism have been focused specifically on expenditure by local government units with the underlining being put on budget formulation and implementation. From the civic society point of view there are still a lot of gray areas needing attention and redress with respect to the respect of popular participation, strengthening the voice of the poor and raising awareness regarding service delivery emanating from the budgets. This paper puts in focus the work of Combined Harare Residents’ Association and other sister organisations advocating for good urban governance in Zimbabwe. The period of focus is the post-2008 era which saw the economic transformation enabled by the dollarization of the economy after more than a decade of galloping inflation which saw service delivery dying down in Harare, as well as the wider economy at large. Despite, change in the government system of Harare with the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) elected officials taking over the reins, not much has changed regarding the management of the system. General public opinion argues that that this is due to the conservativism expressed by the appointed officials. As a result, a palpable rift exist between the appointed and the elected officials of which the former has been accused of following the diktats of ZANU PF, the former ruling party of the country. Yet, they have argued that they have only been working on the spirit of the paper- the laid down canons and statutes in place including the Urban Councils Act and the Regional, Town and Country Planning Act. Critics to these statutes have mentioned rigidity and antiquity as the primary challenges with these canons. In this fragile position’ civic organisations have taken advantage and pushed their agenda for reform and active participation of the citizens in matters affecting the daily and not on partisan lines. Civil society in Zimbabwe and Harare, in particular, has thus emerged as a reckoning force in the period of GNU office. The paper capitalises on institutional documents and stories by civic associations in their endeavour to improve the lives of the people.
2

PRIESKUM ROZHODNUTÍ ORGÁNOV PRÁVNICKEJ OSOBY SÚKROMNÉHO PRÁVA V SPRÁVNOM SÚDNICTVE

100%
Csach K.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2022
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vol. 105
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issue 1
19 – 33
EN
The Slovak legal system allows for legal entities of private law and their bodies to decide as public administrative bodies. The question whether a decision sanctioning a member of a private law legal entity (civic associations, trade unions, hunting organizations, fishermen’s associations, sports organizations but also companies) is a private law or public law decision is still unresolved. The author describes the legislative development of the judicial review of decisions of private law legal entities. The author sums up the development of the case law of the panel deciding on judicial competence, which limited the competence of the administrative judiciary in the examination of such decisions. The author criticizes the possibility of exercising public power by private entities and explains why the criteria chosen by the recent decision of the panel on judicial competence (R 16/2021) are not appropriate to determine whether the decision of a body of a legal person against its members is an administrative body. It is argued that these criteria are deviating from the legislative text, according to which the decision of a legal person is a decision of public administration only in exceptional cases and under clearly defined conditions.
3

SPOLOČENSKO-KULTÚRNE AKTIVITY A ICH ORGANIZÁTORI V OBCIACH NA ZÁHORÍ

88%
Benža M.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 3
246 – 257
EN
This study analyses the results of research on social-cultural activities which were conducted between the years 2010 and 2012 in villages in three districts of the Záhorie region. The research aimed to discover not only which social-cultural activities were held in the course of the year, but also the part played by civic associations registered in the villages in their organisation. The findings of the study show that there are three layers of social-cultural events. Firstly, there are events rooted in the traditional mode of life. The second layer is composed of what were originally centrally organised civic and political celebrations and activities, which have been transformed into amusements and recreational events. The third layer comprises events which are new or foreign to our cultural milieu but are accepted by the village community. The organisers of social-cultural events also may be divided into several groups. The first group comprises village administration; a second group includes civic associations of local firefighters, sportspeople and hunters, along with kindergartens and elementary schools; a third group is of mainly new civic associations, very varied in their fields of interest; a fourth, the least numerous, consists of non-governmental organisations with an all-Slovakia scope. A fifth group of civic associations are those which develop activities only within the narrow confines of their own membership.
4
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CIVIC ORGANIZING WITH DISABILITY AND SOCIAL CAPITAL

75%
Repkova K.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2008
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vol. 40
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issue 4
326-346
EN
The presented study deals with the issue of civic organizing of persons with disability (including their supporters, family members or volunteers) considered to be one of the primary indicators for measuring social capital. The authoress defines social relevance of the chosen topic in the introductory part. After that, selected characteristics of social capital as a sociological category are presented in order to apply them for analysing and interpretation of findings regarding the development of civic associations' membership within this area as well as the factors influencing this development. Her findings are supplemented by the research results of other authors that were focused on eliciting views of the disabled on citizens associations' efficiency in decision-making about public matters regarding the issue of the disability at the self-government level. She focuses on the bridging and binding effects of social capital generated in activities of civic associations of persons with disability, with ambiguous effect of the scope of civic associations, with the efficiency of the self-governing politics in this field, with possible causes of high fragmentation of the civic sector as well as with new challenges resulting from the information and communication technology development. In conclusion, the authoress emphasises that this study is one of the first attempts to use the interpretative potential of social capital for analysing this social-political field.
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