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1

ANTISTHENÉS: VÝKLAD HOMÉRA

100%
Suvák V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2008
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1
50-62
EN
The paper deals with Antisthenes' accounts of Homer as well as with the role the philosopher played in the thought on the turn of the 5th and 6th centuries BC. In its first part the author gives an outline of Antisthenes' life and work. The second part shows the development of the critical approaches to Homer's depicting Gods from Hecait to the sophists. The third part deals with Antisthenes' accounts of Homer in Aiax and Odysseus, pointing to the Socratic character of questioning the virtue. Drawing on further reports about the interpretations of Homer the author shows the place occupied by Antisthenes within the tradition of the allegoric accounts of myths (part 4). The interpretations of particular fragments provide a basis for the author's argumentation, according to which Antisthenes' early writings deal with the sophistic themes in an innovative, i.e. Socratic way, which later had been adopted and developed by the cynics and stoics of the Helenistic period. The paper shows Antisthenes' approach to interpreting Homer as different from that of Plato, although both of them declared their adherence to the Socratic tradition.
2

SOKRATES – VZORNÝ OBČAN, ALEBO ROZVRACAČ ATÉNSKEJ DEMOKRACIE?

100%
Kalaš A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2008
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1
2-17
EN
The paper's aim is to explain the crucial aspects of the close relationship of an Athenian citizen of the classical era to his city-state. It gives a brief historical outline of the democratic institutions in Athens as established after Ephialtes' reforms of the Athenian constitution in 462. Further, it exemplifies the political system in question on Socrates' relationship to his city-state, as presented in Plato's Criton. Finally, it considers the grounds of Socrates' being sentenced to death by the Athenian democratic tribunal, arguing that the heroic death of Socrates was an inevitable consequence of his philosophical creed, to which he adhered all his life.
3

SOKRATOVSKÉ PARADOXY A ICH EPISTEMOLOGICKÝ DOSAH

100%
Andreanský E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2008
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1
39-49
EN
The paper offers an analysis of the forms of the Socratic paradoxes as well as their importance for the epistemological inquiries. In the author's view there are various kinds of paradoxes. A special attention is paid to the Meno paradox from Plato's 'Meno'. In dealing with paradoxes there are three possible strategies: their critical overcoming, their demythologization or their acceptation. The author gives the descriptions of all of these strategies, reminding us that each of them put the stress on a specific epistemological problem, whereby they are completing each other.
4

PROBLÉM ANAMNÉSIS A DIALÓG MENÓN

86%
Porubjak M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2008
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1
28-38
EN
The main goal of the paper is to rethink the several aspects of the so-called Plato's Theory of Recollection and to contribute to the discussion of the differences between the historical Socrates and Socrates in Plato. The author's argumentation draws upon his own interpretation of Plato's 'Meno'. As far as the recollection is concerned his conclusion is that we should distinguish between: a)- the recollection as a myth, playing an 'anti-misologic' and 'protreptic' roles in the dialogue, which should help us not to give up further researches; b)- the recollection itself, which occupies the place between maieutic art of Socratic midwifery and Plato's dialectic, which should help us to approach our experience critically, to find the solutions of the particular problems, and to set off as true those solutions, which, being the subject of inquiry, proved to be sufficiently coherent.
5

Odniesienia do klasycznych źródeł przedchrześcijańskich w nauczaniu papieża Benedykta XVI

72%
Gacia T.
Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej
|
2013
|
vol. 12
5-18
EN
The author focuses on the references to pre-Christian sources of the teaching of Pope Benedict XVI. The material under discussion includes homilies, the Wednesday catecheses, the Sunday noon speeches and some other selected texts. Addressing dif erent people at various intellectual level, generally believers, Benedict XVI uses single terms or simple Greek and Latin phrases. He explains them and rel ects on them. He also uses, in the same function, quotations from the ancient literature and refers to history or even mythology. In his speeches addressed to the representatives of science, culture or politics, the Pope refers to the arguments made by outstanding Greek philosophers, especially Plato, Socrates and Aristotle. According to the author of the article, Benedict XVI’s love for Latin and his profound knowledge of the ancient literature helps him not only to convey the theological content ef ectively, but also to defend the Christian culture against the Western trends in reasoning, deaf to religious argumentation.
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