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1

STUR'S CODIFICATION OF THE STANDARD SLOVAK AND ITS REFORM

100%
Zigo P.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2005
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vol. 70
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issue 5
265-275
EN
The author goes back to the substance of the Stur's codification from the year 1846 and on the background of general historical and mainly linguistic works about the Stur's movement looks for connections between interlinguistic and extralinguistic reasons of miscarriage of the original codification. He deals with Stur's change of conservatism in the range of the standard language, mainly of this form and structure, and with reasons, which led to the change of the original codification.
2

K FENOMÉNU KODIFIKÁCIE SÚKROMNÉHO PRÁVA

100%
Štefanko J.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2017
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vol. 100
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issue 1
16 – 37
EN
By scrutinizing the phenomenon of codification of private law the author enquires whether the process of codification as understood in the civil law legal family and a complex civil code itself still have a place in the contemporary legislation and in the private law practice. Codification is hereby perceived as the traditional vehicle of private law innovation in Europe. Thus common features of codification are analysed and the variation of the concept in common law systems is taken note of. Furthermore, it is evaluated what effect on the legal system and the society the codification bring about. On background of the analysis of concrete historical experience with codification, it is suggested that the codification legacy in continental Europe is still relevant, whereas certain features of the phenomenon have to be redefined in order to serve the purpose of innovating and stabilizing modern private law, which is to take account of the social and meta-legal context, in which it is applied. Therefore stronger preference of open concepts and principles seem to be required and higher demands on the expert legislative work as well as judicial analytical depth are postulated.
3

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF CODIFICATION OF THE MACEDONIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE (Osobitosti kodifikacie spisovnej macedonciny.)

100%
Horak E.
Slavica Slovaca
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2010
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vol. 45
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issue 2
124-128
EN
The political and social changes during the 1999s enabled the establishment of several new Slavic literary languages. This study examines the specific features of codification of the Macedonian language, thanks to which the Macedonian language earned a central position among other Slavic literary languages in a temporal retrospective as well as on the level of content.
4
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K diskusi o spisovné a „standardní“ češtině

100%
Adam R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2007
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vol. 68
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issue 3
184-189
EN
This is a critical assessment of the claims and arguments given in the article by Cermák, Sgall, and Vybiral (2006). Examining individual statements in this article, the present paper finds, among others, that 1) there is not enough evidence in the article for what is said about the history and the present state of language management in the Czech Republic as well as about the treatment of the Czech language in schools; 2) existing norms of language communication are ignored, as are the social and cultural roles of literary Czech; and 3) the article fails to clearly explain its central concept of 'standard' language.
5
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Velká písmena ve jménech náboženských svátků,zejména židovských

100%
Blazkova S.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2009
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vol. 92
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issue 1
26-33
EN
Though the political changes at the end of the 20th century have enabled the publishing of religious literature, the usage of capital letters in religious contexts has remained an open topic in Czech linguistics. Unfortunately, there is insufficient codification concerning this matter, even though there is a relatively stable need for it. This contribution is focused on the usage of capital letters in Jewish festivals and holidays against the background of general principles of usage of capital letters in Czech, and is based on existing handbooks and dictionaries as well as corpora.
6
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O rekodyfikacji radzieckiego postępowania cywilnego

100%
Stawarska-Rippel A.
Z Dziejów Prawa
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2011
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vol. 4(12)
187-202
EN
The Soviet civil procedure was codified two times. In both cases the codification of the Soviet civil procedure fell on the times of a political liberalization. In spite of criticism directed at law deriving from the period of the New Economic Policy, works on a new Soviet civil pro- cedure began after Stalin’s death. The legislation of a new second Russian Federal Socialistic Soviet Republic code of civil procedure took place within the scope of a general recodification of the Soviet law between 1954 and 1964. It was the period characterized by a tendency to systematize the legal material, as well as liberalization in the field of material law and court procedures. All republics legislated new codes of the civil procedure basing on the principles of the civil procedures of the Soviet Union and union republics between 1964 and 1965. The new Russian Federal Socialistic Soviet Republic code of the civil procedure was legislated on 11 June 1964. It was in force on 1 October 1964 and lost its power on 1 February 2003. It was being changed 16 times till the end of the system. The very code was a specific combination of some elements of the European tradition of the civilest and socialist law and order with a bit of the former and pre-revolutionary Russian tradition. The use of code regulations of the civil procedure in the Soviet Union in the Soviet legal reality marginalizing a private law in favour of an economic one was restricted. A state economic arbitration integrally combined with administration played a key role in the nationalized economy and its judges did not possess an attribute of independ- ence. Only the cases within the family law, labour law and other of a little economic value were adjudicated during a civil procedure regulated in the Soviet civil law code.
7

LANGUAGE ECOLOGY AND THE LACHIAN LANGUAGE (Ekologiya yazyka i lashskiii yazyk)

100%
Balowska G.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2009
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vol. 30
83-94
EN
The aim of the paper is to discuss the concept of the Lachian literary language formulated in the 1930's by a local poet Óndra Lysohorsky. The authoress of the paper presents the ecological approach to the language in question and focuses on the following issues: the comparison of Lysohorsky's Lachian literary language with other Lachian dialects and related languages, native speakers of the Lachian literary language, the work on its codification, and the attitudes towards the language.
8
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Koncept minimální intervence

88%
Cvrcek V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 4
284-293
EN
The Concept of Minimal Intervention (CMI) is a 'methodological bill' concerning linguists and their approach toward the language and its speakers. CMI represents one possible approach to language, implying programmatic character. CMI prerequisites are: 1) There is no reason why linguistics should infringe upon language development through its interventions and thus disqualify speakers for their (natural) linguistic behavior. 2) The language has been evolving into a sensible instrument of communication, needing no assistance from linguists. 3) The arbitrary nature of linguistic means draws on their usage, and involves the ways of using constituents; it is thus not beneficial when linguistics violates, through its interventions, the very fact of this choice taken by the majority. CMI is delimited by the endeavor to minimize linguists' interventional pressure on language and its speakers; CMI's goal is to bring the language situation as close to the condition marked by the existence of a spontaneously constituted order of norms which is 'only' passively recorded by linguists. Since zero intervention is irreconcilable with the existence of linguistics, it is necessary to deliberately weaken potential linguistic interventions through a pluralism of descriptions which should expressly declare the goals they pursue and which (communicative) functions they favor.
9

Kodifikacziya kak instrument sblizheniya ukrainsko-rossijskogo zakonodatel`stva v sfere transgranichnogo prirodopol`zovaniya v Azovskom regione

88%
Stepanova E. V.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
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2010
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vol. 4 (48)
47-58
EN
The paper deals with the analysis of current ecological sea use legislation in Ukraine and Russia. It is determined resource and ecological constrains of Azov region considering efficient organization of resource using and environmental safety. It is revealed the definition of ecological codification as mean to improve ecological efficiency.
10

KLAVÍRNE ÚPRAVY SLOVENSKÝCH ĽUDOVÝCH PIESNÍ V TLAČENÝCH EDÍCIÁCH 19. STOROČIA

88%
Urbancová H.
Musicologica Slovaca
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2018
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vol. 9 (35)
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issue 1
28 – 102
EN
There were four published editions of piano arrangements of Slovak folk songs by domestic (Slovak) composers (M. Sucháň 1830; V. Füredy 1837; M. Francisci 1892, 1893; A. Piťo – J. N. Polášek 1905, 1906) in the period from the 1830s to the early years of the 20th century. The aim was to define typologically the song repertoire which composers’ worked on (models and their selection), to elucidate the editions of arrangements of Slovak folk songs for piano (publishers, authors, compositional processing), and to identify the sociocultural period associations of these editions, from the ethnomusicologist’s point of view. A hypothesis was tested, regarding to what extent the printed editions of piano arrangements of Slovak folk songs influenced the codification of a certain core repertoire in Slovakia and contributed thus towards forming the national identity of Slovaks.
11

ONCE MORE ABOUT THE 'RHYTMIC LAW'

88%
Durovic L.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2008
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vol. 73
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issue 5
293-296
EN
The article is a continuation of an ongoing polemics with J. Kacala regarding the recent (1991) codification of the 'rhythmic law'. The author argues that this codification has been based on incorrect theoretical presuppositions, in particular on a concept called 'flectional-derivational zone', which considers the properties of the derivational morphemes as identical with the flectional ones. This assumption led to the codification of non-existent forms and resulted in a destabilization of the norm of the standard Slovak.
12
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Psaní velkých písmen v názvech svátků a období církevního roku pravoslavné církve

88%
Koutová M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2011
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vol. 94
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issue 2
71-78
EN
Writing capital letters in the names of holidays and periods of the liturgical year creates problems for many writers, because the codification concerning this matter is relatively insufficient. This fact causes volatility of usage not only in Czech Orthodox texts, but in Czech religious texts in general. This article summarizes the opinions on this topic in the literature and offers some suggestions.
13

WHEN WAS STUR'S STANDARD SLOVAK CODIFIED? (Kedy bola uzakonena sturovska spisovna slovencina?)

88%
Kralcak L.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2010
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vol. 75
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issue 4-5
239-247
EN
The methodology of school praxis, especially as regards the constructing of encyclopaedic knowledge, is based primarily on factual and historical classification of social phenomena. In this sense, the codification of written Stur's standard Slovak is primarily treated as a current historical event that should have its specific date. The problem is that indication of date which is in school classes traditionally signed to this event (year 1843) and generations of teachers present it to the students as a historical fact is not accurate. The aim of this paper is to show opportunity to choose the date from three major events associated with the codification ambition of Stur and his fellows. The paper deals with the detailed characteristics of these events and their interpretation as regards the codification of Stur's standard Slovak.
14

TEÓRIA SPISOVNÉHO JAZYKA A JAZYKOVEJ KULTÚRY V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

88%
Kralčák Ľ.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2022
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vol. 87
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issue 3
441 – 480
EN
The article gives an analytical overview of outputs focused on theories of standard language and language culture, published in the Slovenská reč journal. The aim of the paper is to provide an analysis of the development of the theories in the form of a commented summary of relevant theoretical approaches providing fundamental findings with regard to the state of the art in the given period or possible concepts for the development of the theory under study. In this respect, the article is divided in accordance with the time periods of: (a) 1930s and 1940s, (b) from 1950s to 1980s, (c) from 1990s to the present. Within these periods, the author pays special attention to the key contributions, authors’ concepts and current thematic controversies that tended to determine the focus of continuing debates, or were important landmarks in the improvement of the research in the field. The analysis shows that the line of development of theoretical thinking in the field of the Slovak standard language and its culture finds its main supporting points in specific theoretical conceptions of prominent representatives of Slovak linguistics throughout the whole period.
15

DEJINY SPISOVNEJ SLOVENČINY V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

88%
Muziková K.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2022
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vol. 87
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issue 3
420 – 440
EN
The paper deals with the development of linguistic knowledge within the history of literary (standard) Slovak on the basis of texts published in the Slovenská reč journal. It reflects on selected theoretical and methodological aspects and themes that were the subject of investigation in connection with the cultivation of Slovak: (a) in the pre-standard period (analysis of previous linguistic works and linguistic artefacts from various communication spheres, analysis of the language of individual authors and scholars, the relationship of Slovak to other languages, especially to Czech); (b) in the standard period (the analysis of codification and other linguistic works, personalities whose codification and editorial activities influenced the establishment and development of standard Slovak as well as its functioning in practice).
16

ŠTÚROV KONCEPT SPISOVNÉHO JAZYKA (AJ) AKO ÚSILIE PREKONAŤ JAZYKOVO-KONFESIONÁLNE ROZŠTIEPENIE SLOVÁKOV

88%
Kačala J.
Slavica Slovaca
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2022
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vol. 57
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issue 3
229-236
EN
According to the author´s knowledge, Ľudovít Štúr had been preparing for his codification step comprehensively and for a long time. Štúr had explained his reasons for establishing the standard Slovak language on the basis of the dialect spoken in central Slovakia in his work Nárečja slovenskuo alebo potreba písaňja v tomto nárečí (1846). By the establishment of the nationwide standard language he had pursued also a significant social goal – to overcome the then linguistic division of the Slovak nation conditioned by the different religious affiliation of the adherents of then used literary languages; achieving this goal had been considered by him in the above mentioned work necessary. In Štúr´s codification also his deep humanistic conviction has been manifested in which he had surpassed his political competitors as well as foreign political and spiritual leaders. With his efforts Ľudovít Štúr had stood not only at the beginning of ecumenical cooperation of the Slovaks but he had significantly shaped it as well and so he had clearly influenced the activities of the Slovak nation-wide cultural association Tatrín and also Matica slovenská as its immediate successor.
17
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Kodifikace – právo, nebo pravomoc?

75%
Prošek M., Smejkalová; K.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2011
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vol. 94
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issue 5
231-241
EN
This article reviews possible senses of the term “codification” in the Czech linguistic context and outlines the ways in which the authority of linguistic codification is perceived in this context. Particular attention is devoted to the question of whether the authority of Czech linguistic codification is similar to that of executive power. By attempting to answer this question, the authors also approach the question of the codification authority potentially held by the Institute of the Czech Language, the traditional producer of linguistic codification in the Czech context. The authors confront passages from Czech linguistic texts concerning codification authority with the way this authority is ascribed to the main Czech codification sources. This confrontation reveals that although the Czech linguistic community perceives the codification authority as highly binding, the codification itself does not have the prerequisites to be so powerful in reality.
18
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Conditio sine qua non: východiska a možnosti při hledání konsenzu o jazykové regulaci

75%
Cvrček V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2012
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vol. 73
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issue 2
103-135
EN
Since the publication of the Concept of Minimal Intervention (Cvrček 2008a, Cvrček 2008b), three critical reactions have been published (Adam 2009, Beneš & Prošek 2011, Homoláč & Mrázková 2011) defending the current language policy (based on the Theory of Language Cultivation). This paper discusses the most important points of their criticism: axiology in the concepts of language regulation, prescriptivism in the Czech language situation and the means of measuring it, the role and nature of current and future codifications, speakers’ attitudes toward language and the validity of their elicitation in linguistic research, the notion of the “literariness” of language, etc. This paper also enriches the original Concept of Minimal Intervention with observations and conclusions based on the experience of making the first non-interventional description of Czech, the Grammar of Contemporary Czech (Cvrček et al. 2010). The paper emphasizes three crucial differences between the Concept of Minimal Intervention and interventional approaches (esp. the Theory of Language Cultivation): preoccupation with literary language in the language regulation in current language policy, the priority of the noetic potential of the discipline over the public demand for language regulation, and the perception of linguists’ activity as an artificial part of the language situation.
19

ON THE ROLE OF VERBAL FOLKLORE IN THE CODIFICATION OF SLAVIC LITERARY LANGUAGES (COMMENTS ON 'FOLKLORNY VEKTOR V KODIFIKACII BIELORUSKEHO A SLOVENSKEHO JAZYKA' BY VIKTORIA LASUKOVA) (Slovak title below)

75%
Zenuchova K.
Slavica Slovaca
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2010
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vol. 45
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issue 2
162-166
EN
(Slovak title: O ulohe slovesneho folkloru pri kodifikacii slovanskych spisovnych jazykov. Na margo monografie Viktorie Lasukovej Folklorny vektor v kodifikacii bieloruskeho a slovenskeho jazyka). The article offers information regarding the new monographic work by Viktoria Lasukova, dedicated to the place and role of verbal folklore in the process of codification of the Slavic literary languages. The authoress understands and discusses selected peculiarities and functions of folklore text with an accent on its authenticity and folksiness of classical collections of popular fairy-tales, and their relevancy towards national linguistic society.
20
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Spisovnost a její zdroje

75%
Cvrcek V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2006
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vol. 67
|
issue 1
46-60
EN
Although 'literary language', i.e. standard language or 'spisovna cestina', was the central notion of the Prague Linguistic Circle's Theory of the Cultivation of Language, it has never been defined. This article deals with the problem of definition of 'literariness', a concept which forms the base for the codification criterion of 'correspondence with the literary norm'. Several attempts to define it or to provide criteria for 'literariness' were made, but, as the author explains, none of them were successful in reproducing the codified set of language means. These attempts can be divided into two groups: nominalistic and realistic. The former suggests that literariness (i.e. being a part of literary/standard language) is 'a mere label', a characteristic that is acquired by being codified, the latter supposes that language means are standard or nonstandard (or something in between) depending on their usage. The nominalistic approach appears to be inadequate, as it provides no opportunity for language development. Realistic criteria, however, are either methodologically dubious or highly controversial among Czech linguists.
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