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1

A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF THE INESSIVE AND THE SUPERESSIVE IN HUNGARIAN

100%
Kothencz G.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2007
|
vol. 103
|
issue 4
432-451
EN
Synchronic studies in the framework of holistic cognitive linguistics have recently yielded convincing results, and the idea of utilizing that framework for purposes of historical linguistics has also emerged. At the moment, no complete studies of that sort are available, though FAZAKAS (2003) presented a brief account of the theoretical possibilities that arise. The present paper discusses a possible area of using cognitive semantics for historical purposes: the study of the semantic system of certain Hungarian case endings. In particular, the authoress attempted to describe the behavior of inessive -ban/-ben and superessive -n ~ -on/-en/-ön in a cognitive semantic perspective, making use of diachronic aspects, too. In addition to the avails that such a discussion might bring for historical linguistics, a diachronically supported cognitive semantic analysis of case endings may prove significant primarily for the study of argument structure: with the exploration of the exact meanings of these suffixes, it might turn out to be easier to tell why a given verb has the argument structure it has, and how differences across languages with respect to argument structure may be understood, in cognitive semantic terms, as due to variance in conceptualization.
2

ANGER AND COGNITION. CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN THE 'RGVEDA'

63%
Jurewicz J.
Rocznik Orientalistyczny
|
2008
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vol. 61
|
issue 1
7-19
EN
The aim of the paper is to show that application of cognitive linguistics into the study of the ancient poetical text, the 'Rgveda' (c.a. XIII B.C., composed in Sanskrit) can solve serious problems with its understanding. One stanza (Rgveda 1.139.2) is analysed. The cognitive linguistics methodology reveals its conceptual motivation and makes the difficult content of the stanza clear and consistent.
3
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WHO IS INQUIRED BY THE GREAT PHILOSOPHERS?

63%
Winiarska J.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2008
|
issue 1(5)
9-16
EN
The authoress analyses 'we' that appears in the essays written by Leszek Kolakowski. She states that the pronoun names two groups in the text: sometimes it designates a community of the narrator and the readers (the community that shares philosophical knowledge of the narrator or even the author), sometimes it designates the group consisting of the contemporary readers and the ancient listeners of the philosopher. Both meanings of 'we' may be interpreted as a result of a blending process.
4
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ON VERBAL APPROPRIATION OF POSSESSION. SUBJECTIFICATION AND THE POLISH VERB 'MIEC' (TO HAVE) (O werbalnym przywlaszczaniu mienia. Modalne uzycia czasownika 'miec' a zjawisko subiektyfikacji)

63%
Wiraszka L.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
|
2008
|
issue 2(6)
195-208
EN
The paper offers an analysis of the semantic structure of the Polish verb 'miec' (to have) in its several different uses. The main aim is to shed some new light on the mechanisms and motivations underlying two basic modal uses of the verb: deontic and epistemic. The author employs the framework of Ronald W. Langacker's 'Cognitive Grammar', with a particular focus on the notion of subjectification, in order to demonstrate that the different uses of the verb represent various degrees of subjectification of the designated conceptual configuration. He argues that the epistemic modal use of the verb, expressing the speaker's doubt about or distancing from the information conveyed, may constitute an extreme case of subjectification, the so-called grounding predication.
5
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PERSPECTIVES OF CONTRASTIVE STUDIES IN LEXICAL SEMANTICS IN THE LIGHT OF COGNITIVE THEORIES (Perspektywy badan porownawczych w zakresie semantyki leksykalnej w swietle jezykoznawczych teorii kognitywnych)

63%
Waszakowa K.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
|
2009
|
issue 1(7)
49-64
EN
The article consists of four parts. In the first, the authoress presents these theses of cognitive linguistics that she finds especially important for lexical contrastive studies. The second part presents selected procedures used during modelling of the picture of the world in a given language. They are as follows: a reconstruction of a structure of conceptual field, a construction of a cognitive definition and analysis of etymologic data which enables to find semantic connections between existing lexemes and to fill possible gaps. Then the authoress explains the specific character of studies that compare conceptual models from different languages. Finally, she discusses the perspectives of the studies presented above and indicates problems worth considering in a contrastive aspect.
6

DUALITY IN THE USE OF MOODS. INDICATIVO AND CONGIUTIVO MOODS IN THE SAME LANGUAGE CONTEXTS (Il doppio nell uso dei modi. L'indicativo e il congiuntivo negli stressi contesti linguistici)

51%
Kwapisz-Osadnik K.
Linguistica Silesiana
|
2007
|
vol. 28
161-170
EN
The use of moods in Italian is a very interesting problem but also difficult taking into account the complexity of phenomena which must be analysed at the same time. It especially concerns contexts in which different moods can appear alternatively. The aim of the article is to examine contexts in which it is possible to use indicative and congiuntivo moods. The possibility of choice between moods would mean the duality of human nature which hesitates between affirmation and keeping a distance to that what makes the content of an utterance. Employing the research mechanism described by cognitive linguistics that is, among others, notions such as prototype, semantic invariant or scheme and the methodology which is based on relationships existing between recognition, semantics and grammar it seems that the choice of moods is the result stemming from information processing and based on man's cognitive abilities and his knowledge about the world. Indicative would reflect locutor's responsibility for the truth value of utterance content whereas congiuntivo would be a language sign of distance position towards that what he says.
7

EVIL EYE OF HUMANS, ANIMALS, AND DEMONS IN SUMERIAN LITERATURE

51%
Kotzé Z.
Asian and African Studies
|
2021
|
vol. 30
|
issue 1
53 - 74
EN
The widespread ancient belief in the deleterious powers of the eye as reflected in Sumerian literature has been largely neglected in recent research. It has even been suggested that the belief system, though common in the ancient Mediterranean and Near East, was foreign to the ancient Sumerians. While Thomsen suggested that the evil eye was limited to humans, other scholars have argued that the evil eye was only associated with divinities in Sumerian literature. This study focuses on the conceptual content of linguistic expressions relating to the eye of humans, animals, and demons in order to demonstrate that much can still be learned about this complex belief system as it existed in ancient Mesopotamia when conceptual metaphors and metonymies for the evil eye are also taken into account.
8

EVIL EYE OF SUMERIAN DEITIES

51%
Kotzé Z.
Asian and African Studies
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 1
102 – 115
EN
The evil eye in ancient Mesopotamia has received surprisingly little attention in recent research. It has been suggested that the belief in the malefic gaze was much less prevalent in ancient Mesopotamia than initially thought by earlier generations of scholars. Unfortunately, though, recent scholarship has focused exclusively on the relatively small corpus of evil eye incantations from ancient Mesopotamia. This study attempts to add to the understanding of this ancient belief system by analysing the conceptual content of linguistic expressions for the evil eye of gods and goddesses in Sumerian literature.
9
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Аksiologičeskaja cennost’ metafory

51%
Gudavichyus A.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
|
2004
|
vol. 16
191-199
PL
W artykule Aksjologiczna wartość metafory rozpatrywana jest metafora z punktu widzenia lingwistyki kognitywnej. Kluczowe różnice między nowym a tradycyjnym rozumieniem metafory bazują, według autora, na trzech opozycjach: predykacja – nominacja, konwencjonalność – indywidualizm, strategia myślenia – porównanie. Pojawienie się oceny aksjologicznej w metaforach związane jest z dwoma aspektami: z kierunkiem przeniesienia metaforycznego i z właściwościami tradycji kulturowej. Kierunek przeniesienia metaforycznego pojmowany jest jako relacja między punktem wyjścia metafory a punktem docelowym.
EN
Metaphor is dealt with from the position of cognitive linguistics. Key differences between the new and the traditional approach towards metaphor fall under three oppositions: predication versus nomination, conventionality versus individuality, thinking strategy versus comparison. Evaluation in metaphor is not the 'conditio sine qua non' but is nevertheless very frequent and closely related to the expressive function of the speech act. The appearance of evaluation in metaphor is being determined by two factors: the direction of metaphor and the cultural tradition. The direction of metaphor is defined by the relation between the source domain and the target domain. In most cases takes the evaluation takes the anthropocentric direction, i.e. metaphor directed towards a person (man) contains negative evaluation whilst the reverse direction (person as the source domain) - positive evaluation. By its nature metaphor has a universal character; in different languages the types of metaphors coincide, however, and their concrete realization often depends on culture. Thus, the evaluation of many metaphorical expressions can be difficult to explain by the actual value of these objects, which constitute the source domain of metaphor.
10
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REGIONAL DIVERSITY OF THE REFERENCE-POINTS FOR THE SIX BASIC COLOUR TERMS IN POLISH (WHITE, BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE) - A COMPARISON WITH SELECTED SLAVIC AND GERMANIC LANGUAGES

51%
Stanulewicz D.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
|
2006
|
vol. 62
199-211
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the results of a questionnaire the purpose of which was to investigate whether the primary basic colour terms in Polish (i.e. the equivalents of English white, black, red, green, yellow and blue) have the same reference-points in four regions of Poland. It appears that the reference-points are different for 'niebieski' (blue): in Central and Southern Poland it is associated mainly with the sky, whereas the inhabitants of Northern Poland associate it with the sky and water, just like speakers of English and Swedish. The vicinity of the Baltic Sea is undoubtedly the factor which influences this treatment of 'niebieski' by the inhabitants of Northern Poland.
11
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Zmiany obrazu regionu we współczesnej polszczyźnie

51%
Żywicka B.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
|
2005
|
vol. 17
299-315
PL
Autorka stawia pytanie: jaki obraz regionu funkcjonuje we współczesnej polszczyźnie, czy obraz ten ulega ewolucji, a jeżeli tak, to w jakim kierunku? [Zgodnie z metodą stosowaną w środowisku lubelskich etnolingwistów] jako podstawę analiz wykorzystuje dane zebrane ze słowników języka polskiego, materiały ankietowe oraz teksty publicystyczne (opublikowane w latach 1990–2003). Ich analiza prowadzi do wniosku, że chociaż region wciąż jest postrzegany głównie w aspekcie kulturowym, jako obszar mający specyficzne tradycje, obyczaje, język, to na przestrzeni ostatnich dziesięciu lat wzrosło znaczenie czynników społecznych i bytowych – w wizerunku regionu akcent kładziony jest na to, że jest to obszar samorządny, niezależny, ośrodek działalności przemysłowo-gospodarczej. Równocześnie w obrazie regionu podkreśla się ubóstwo materialne mieszkańców, biedę i bezrobocie. Pojęcie regionu w ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat zdecydowanie upolityczniło się. W świadomości użytkowników współczesnej polszczyzny region przestaje pełnić rolę ośrodka kultury i nauki, a zaczyna funkcjonować jako ośrodek władzy administracyjnej (samorządowej).
EN
The article attempts to identify the picture of region in contemporary Polish, as well as answering the question whether it undergoes evolution and if so, in what direction. The analysis is based on data collected from dictionaries of Polish, results of questionnaires from 1990 and 2000 (ASA 90 and ASA 2000), as well as jounalistic texts from the period 1990-2003. A conclusion is drawn that although a region is still viewed in cultural terms, as an area with specific tradition, customs and language variety, the last decade has seen a growth of the importance of social and economic factors: emphasis is put on the fact that a region is a self-governing and independent area, with industrial and economic entrepreneurship. At the same time, attention is drawn to the poverty and unemployment among the inhabitants of a given region. In the last ten years, the concept has acquired, in the consciousness of speakers of contemporary Polish, strong political connotations: a region is not so much a cultural and educational centre but an administrative one, with local authorities playing a major role.
12

A COGNITIVE ASPECT OF PRAGMATICS

51%
Kwapisz-Osadnik K.
Linguistica Silesiana
|
2009
|
vol. 30
127-136
EN
The article is an attempt to examine two linguistic trends that is pragmatics and cognitivism, the aim of which is to show complementarity of theses representing these two research directions. Taking as a starting point the phenomenon of cognition the authoress explains its implicit presence in chosen pragmatic theories and she discusses its primary role in cognitive theories.
13

ASPECT, TENSE AND THE EVENT ICM METONYMY IN NARRATIVE PROSE: TWO EPISODES FROM URSULA HEGI'S 'FLOATING IN MY MOTHER'S PALM'

51%
Tabakowska E.
Linguistica Silesiana
|
2009
|
vol. 30
9-24
EN
The paper offers an analysis which aims at explaining the role that the choice of particular verbs, their grammatical tense and their aspectual form plays in the construal of an episode in narrative prose. Two sample passages from Ursula Hegi's novel 'Floating in my Mother's Palm' will be analysed, focusing upon the textual function of the opposition between 'perfectivity' and 'imperfectivity' as revealed in the use of English verbs. The theoretical framework for the discussion is provided by the cognitive model developed by Ronald W. Langacker, with the principle of metonymical reference to events (as proposed by Radden and Kovecses) supplementing the strictly grammatical discussion. In conclusion, it is claimed that it is unconventional construals that are markers of what is commonly called 'literary style'. The principles that underlie such construals, when analysed in linguistic terms, reveal at least some of the workings of the complicated mechanism to which this vague label is commonly meant to refer.
14

IDEOPHONES AS LINGUISTIC “REBELS”: THE EXTRA-SYSTEMATICITY OF IDEOPHONES IN XHOSA (PART 1)

51%
Andrason A.
Asian and African Studies
|
2020
|
vol. 29
|
issue 2
119 – 165
EN
This paper contributes to the study of structural distinctiveness of the category of ideophony. The author analyses the extent to which Xhosa ideophones exhibit the so-called extra-systematic properties, which cross-linguistically tend to distinguish ideophones from other lexical classes. The analysis demonstrates that ideophones are relatively extra-systematic in Xhosa, although their extra-systematicity is not unitary. It is the largest in morphology, slightly less visible in phonology, and only residual in syntax. It is proposed that the distinct degrees of extra-systematicity are related to differences in grammaticalization and a gradual integration of ideophones into the Xhosa grammar – with the adjustment in syntax occurring faster than the morphological adaptation. In this paper – the first in a series of two articles – the author deals with methodological issues and introduces evidence related to the phonology and morphology of ideophones in Xhosa.
15

PERFECTIVE FORM IN ARUSA – A COGNITIVE-GRAMMATICALIZATION MODEL

51%
Andrason A., Karani M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 1
69 – 101
EN
The present paper studies the semantics of the so-called perfective (PFV) form in Arusa (Maasai), using the model of the dynamic (one- and two-dimensional) semantic maps. The analysis demonstrates that PFV is a broad, semi-advanced resultative-path gram. It spans large sections of the two sub-paths of the resultative path: the anterior path (present perfect, perfective and non-perfective past, as well pluperfect and future perfect) and the simultaneous path (present stative). However, the PFV form is incompatible with the input sense of the resultative path (a resultative proper present) and the most advanced stages of the two sub-paths (non-stative present and progressive past). If the information related to prototypicality is included, the map adopts the shape of a wave with the prototypicality peaks located in the area of a perfective past and, to a lesser degree, a present perfect. The senses of a non-perfective past and a stative present are less prototypical. Other senses (pluperfect, future perfect and counterfactual irrealis) are non-prototypical, contributing minimally to the gram’s semantics.
16

Семантическое пространство ключевого слова-репрезентанта концепта «вода» в русском языке (синонимия)

51%
Chomko J.
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
|
2013
|
issue 13
39-50
EN
The article presents a fragment of the linguistic image of the world, i.e. the concept of «water». The author is interested in the relations occurring between the word naming a concept and its synonyms. The system of lexemes’ meanings and a typical cohesion connected with it enable classifying the world characteristics for a specific language. The analyzed synonymic sequence is composed of two lexemes: вода and влага. The research revealed that synonyms вода and влага can be used interchangeably only when they name a small amount of liquid (капля воды «влаги»), (капля воды «влаги»), describe a destructive operation of a liquid (Специальный крем защищает обувь от воды «влаги»), or when they constitute a part of compound words (водо- «влаго-» непроницаемый, водо- «влаго-» отталкивающий).
17

THE ROLE OF THE BATTLE METAPHOR IN THE POLITICAL PARLANCE OF THE 1950S (A HARC metafora szerepe az '50-es evek politikai koznyelveben)

51%
Jobst A.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2009
|
vol. 133
|
issue 4
433-446
EN
The paper surveys alternative ways of research on political language use. Taking sides with linguistics-based, quantitative alternatives, the authoress analyses the role of metaphors in political propaganda. Choice of metaphors is an important ingredient of power discourse, especially in periods of dictatorship. Using results of cognitive linguistic approaches, the authoress presents examples from the Hungarian press of the mid-twentieth century and shows how metaphors, constituting the culmination of political communication, were projected to the various areas of life, how they tried to affect people's thinking. The sense networks of the editorials analysed emphasise the negative participant of the BATTLE metaphor, the attacker, forcing opponents of the party-state system into that role. The study of metaphor use, therefore, supports the claim that the metaphor was selected consciously, with pragmatic factors in mind. Its textual function was to establish an emotional link between political power groups (as opposed to dissidents) and the consumers of political propaganda.
18

METAPHORICAL ASPECTS OF SELECTED SIGNS IN POLISH SIGN LANGUAGE

51%
Kosecki K.
Linguistica Silesiana
|
2008
|
vol. 29
67-74
EN
Cognitive linguistics studies language as a reflection of human mind. Many cases of concept-formation are based on metaphor. Though most of the analyses point out to the presence of metaphor in natural languages, also sign languages involve this conceptual mechanism. Comparative analysis of linguistic expressions and signs for such fundamental concepts as time, support, illness, and others, proves that they reflect the same conceptual metaphors. This, in turn, supports the Generalisation Commitment and the Cognitive Commitment as fundamental hypotheses of cognitive linguistics.
19

IDEOPHONES AS LINGUISTIC “REBELS”: THE EXTRA-SYSTEMATICITY OF IDEOPHONES IN XHOSA (PART II)

51%
Andrason A.
Asian and African Studies
|
2021
|
vol. 30
|
issue 1
1 - 30
EN
This paper contributes to the study of structural distinctiveness of the category of ideophony. The author analyses the extent to which Xhosa ideophones exhibit the so-called extra-systematic properties, which cross-linguistically tend to distinguish ideophones from the other lexical classes. The analysis demonstrates that ideophones are relatively extra-systematic in Xhosa, although their extra-systematicity is not unitary. It is the largest in morphology, slightly less visible in phonology, and only residual in syntax. It is proposed that the distinct degrees of extra-systematicity are related to differences in grammaticalization and a gradual integration of ideophones into the Xhosa grammar – with the adjustment in syntax occurring faster than the morphological adaptation. In this paper – the first in a series of two articles – the author deals with methodological issues and introduces evidence related to the phonology and morphology of ideophones in Xhosa.
20
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Slovesná prefixace ve světle Langackerovy kognitivní gramatiky

51%
Lehouckova Z.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2010
|
vol. 71
|
issue 4
340-349
EN
Word-formation is the ‘border zone' between linguistic system and linguistic usage. Langacker's usage-based approach to language represents an attempt to describe and explain a linguistic system as a product of cognitive processes (e.g. perception, attention, categorization, memory). This paper proposes an alternative approach to the description and explanation of semantic characteristics of Czech verbal prefixes (of the prefix vy- in particular) using Langacker's ideas as the most important theoretical basis. The variety of semantic behaviour of the Czech prefix vy- is traditionally explained as a rich polysemy of this morpheme or as a loss of its meaning. This paper supposes a multi-level system of schematic verbal concepts (linguistic units) related to the most general meaning of the prefix vy-: ‘schematic vy-verbs'. Each of them is an abstraction of a category of real vy-verbs. For example, the verbal category vyzurit se, vyplakat se, vydovadet se, vypsat se, vypovidat se is represented by a schematic vy-verb ‘vy-V ('vent emotions') (se)'. These schematic verbal concepts are considered very important for the process of prefixation, especially in cases of significant semantic difference between simplex and prefixed verb. This approach should be able to identify previously unnoticed semantic relations.
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