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COLLABORATION IN E-LITERATURE: FROM “THE UNKNOWN” TO “PIKSEL ZDRÓJ”

100%
Pisarski M.
World Literature Studies
|
2016
|
vol. 8
|
issue 3
78 – 89
EN
Collaboration in e-literature, thanks to the interdisciplinary, intersemiotic and computational nature of the field, is a subject close to a vast majority of artists and critics. However, the particularities of the collaborative process are discussed mostly in interviews, panels and private conversations. The number of critical analyses and overviews is still relatively small. The aim of this article is to expand on the existing findings (especially Scott Rettberg’s reflection on the collaborative aspects of The Unknown and Nick Montfort’s arguments on collaborative programming), propose several new categories that may prove useful and introduce a Polish example of a collaborative creative work (the hypertext Piksel Zdrój authored by 8 writers, 2015). Of importance are also questions of identity of e-literature within a vast horizon of collaborative activities in game development, as well as the notion of authorship and authorial integrity, which literary collaboration in the digital realm puts to a heavy stress test. In my reflection, e-lit collaboration is situated within two contexts, one of which has been gaining prominence in recent years. On the one hand it is traditional collaboration in literature and film, on the other, collaboration in games and software. Posing questions about the place of e-literary collaboration among creative participation in other media – as I will demonstrate – might bring insights not only about the specificity of participatory activities in the field but also about the identity of electronic literature within the general cultural land-scape.
2

THE COLLABORATION THAT WAS NOT... THE ATTITUDES OF POLISH SOCIETY DURING THE GERMAN OCCUPATION, 1939-1945

100%
Majewski P.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2004
|
issue 4
59-71
EN
Co-operation with the occupant is described by resorting to the concepts of: treason, collaboration and Quislingites in an attempt at adapting the precision of the conception to the complex nature of a given situation. However, societies living in an extreme situation are unable to preserve en bloc a negative attitude towards the occupant. This fact has been emphasised already in reports prepared in conspiracy conditions. Czeslaw Madajczyk estimated the number of voluntary collaborators of the occupation apparatus in the General Government at about 5%, while the number of persons ready to put up resistance totalled 25%. Demoralisation was characteristic for all social groups. Traditional authorities went through a crisis, and the continuum of Polish statehood gave rise to assorted doubts. Ambiguous attitudes were generated by the necessity of daily official contacts with the Germans. Contrary to the ethical and legal standards sanctioned by the Underground administration of justice, groups of contradicting such standards emerged in numerous environments . An assessment of their conduct necessitates, however, an individual analysis of motifs. Collaboration continues to remain an open question in Polish historiography. The author maintains that in certain circumstances it could have served the raison d'etat of a vanquished nation. The German occupation system left little place for collaborators, and thus, to a certain degree, for potential partners. It became a prevailing regularity that willing collaborators, or those forced by circumstances, were to be found in those spheres where the occupant permitted 'co-operation'.
3

Trying Those who Cannot be Tried - Collaborator Trials in Israel

100%
Tal B.
Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)
|
2006
|
vol. 2
99-131
EN
As part of the purification and self-cleansing atmosphere in the newly liberated countries of Europe following the end of World War II, dozens of Jews were put on trial for their actions during the war, and some were even convicted. This dispensation of justice did not pass by the young Jewish state. In 1950, the 'Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, 5710-1950' was passed in Israel. Although the law was supposedly intended to bring to justice Nazis, in fact the majority of defendants were Jews. Until the beginning of the 1960s, close to 40 Jewish survivors of the holocaust who were accused of collaboration with the Nazis, were put on trial under this law. Most of them had been prisoners with special duties in Nazi camps, which were known by the collective name, 'Kapo'. However, the trial which was most closely associated in the public eye with the issue of the Jewish leadership and Jewish collaboration with the Nazis during the holocaust was not conducted under this law. In 1954, the State of Israel sued Malchiel Greenwald for libel, after he accused Israel Kastner - then the spokesman for the Ministry of Trade and Industry and one of the most prominent members of the 'Aid and Rescue Committee' of the Zionist movement in Hungary during the holocaust - of abandoning the majority of Hungarian Jewry, in exchange for salvation for a few notables. Greenwald's attorney though had a political agenda, and in his attempt to turn the trial into the trial of the Zionist leadership during the war, he succeeded in turning Kastner into the de-facto defendant. The trial had significant political implications, as well as tragic consequences for its main character - Israel Kastner.
4

MURDERERS, PERSECUTORS, HELPERS. HOLOCAUST ISSUES IN THE FILES OF RADOM BRANCH OFFICE (Oprawcy, przesladowcy, ratownicy. Problematyka Zaglady w aktach radomskiej ekspozytury)

100%
Piatkowski S.
Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)
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2008
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vol. 4
484-498
EN
The branch office operating in Radom, known as the Special Prosecutor of the Criminal Court in Lublin, and the Prosecutor of the District Court in Radom that continued its proceedings, during 1945–1950 undertook around 1,200 investigations against Nazi criminals and Poles charged with broadly understood collaboration with the occupier. In the preserved files of both institutions one can find interesting materials related to the Holocaust. The first group of materials concerns representatives of the Nazi power apparatus involved in murders of Jews, comprising criminals from the forced labour camps in Blizyn, Radom and Sandomierz. The second group concerns those who denunciated refugees from the ghetto, engaged in physical and psychological violence toward Jews as well as their economic exploitation. It comprises German civil employees from industrial plants in Radom and Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski, and Poles from various central localities on Polish territory. The third group of materials contains data on help offered by Poles and so-called 'ethnic Germans' (Volksdeutsche) to Jews, which consisted in providing them with food and shelter.
5

COOPERATION IN INNOVATIVE PROCESSES OF POLISH EXPORTERS (Kooperacja w procesach innowacyjnych pol¬skich eksporterow)

100%
Golebiowski T., Lewandowska M. S.
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
|
2011
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issue 1(13)
79-88
EN
The article presents differences in innovation co-operation for 209 enterprises operating in Poland in firms' export engagement cross-sections. The scope of collaborative activities as well as relationship partners were analyzed. Firms with 30-50% export in total sales are more active in cooperation than 'weaker' and 'stronger' exporters. An increase in export engagement is not reflected in the higher intensity of cooperation with foreign partners (suppliers, customers and competitors) as measured by the scope of collaboration and clusters of partners.
6

'I KNEW JUST ONE LITTLE JEWESS HIDING...'. THE CASE OF ZOFIA AND MARIAN CHOMIN ('Znalam tylko jedna zydóweczke ukrywajaca sie...'. Sprawa Zofii i Mariana Chominów)

100%
Haska A.
Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)
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2008
|
vol. 4
392-407
EN
The presented materials come from the case files of Zofia and Marian Chomin, arrested in 1945 and accused of denouncing Jews living in a tenement house in No. 8a Jablonowskich St. in Lvov during the war, including the poet Zuzanna Ginczanka. During her stay in Lvov Ginczanka three times escaped arrest, and in her last preserved poem, 'Non omnis moriar', included the name of the denunciator, Zofia Chomin. This poem became evidence in the case in question, which ended with the acquittal of Marian Chomin and the sentencing of Zofia Chomin to 4 years imprisonment.
7
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Możliwości współpracy NOK i krajowych urzędów statystycznych państw UE w sprawach związanych ze statystykami opracowywanymi na potrzeby unijnej procedury nadmiernego deficytu

100%
Leszczyńska-Luberek O., Mazur J.
Kontrola Państwowa
|
2013
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vol. 58
|
issue 3 (350)
42-65
EN
The cooperation between Supreme Audit Institutions and statistical offices of the EU Member States in the areas related to statistics developed for the EU excessive deficit procedure has been slowly becoming a reality. Due to the significance of this issue, and to the recommendations of the European Union, opportunities for collaboration should be found, in compliance with the binding regulations. However, the authors of the article expect that some Member States may attempt to adjust the binding regulations to the needs of this cooperation. Importantly enough, the two institutions possess different types of knowledge that they could mutually use.
8

SAVING JEWS FOR MONEY - THE HELP INDUSTRY (Ratowanie Zydów za pieniadze - przemysl pomocy)

88%
Grabowski J.
Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)
|
2008
|
vol. 4
81-109
EN
There is a consensus among Polish historians that helping the Jews under the occupation was a widespread phenomenon. Indeed, while some Poles helped the Jews on humanitarian grounds, many others considered it a very risky, but also a very profitable enterprise. In historical literature these people are referred to as 'paid helpers'. This text, based upon primary sources such as war-time court records, war-time diaries, early post-war Jewish narratives and the post-1945 'August' trials, seeks to shed light on the scale of the phenomenon of paid help, as well as on the quality of help offered under these circumstances. It also offers an analysis of the relationships between the Jews and their paid helpers.
9

WSPÓŁPRACA CERKWI GREKOKATOLICKIEJ Z UKRAIŃSKIM RUCHEM WYZWOLEŃCZYM W KARPACKIM KRAJU ORGANIZACJI UKRAIŃSKICH NACJONALISTÓW (1945 – 1954)

88%
Ilnycjkyj W.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2015
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vol. 18
|
issue 4
-
EN
The society in Western Ukraine generally remained deeply religious. No prohibitions, threats, nor terror could have separated men from his church and religion. In their everyday life the populace stuck to the religious norms. Besides, the struggle against the liberation movement was tightly connected with the liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church altogether, because it hindered the sovietisation of the region and constituted a part of the Resistance Movement. Hence, the most serious problem for the Soviet regime was the collaboration of the Greek Catholic Church and Ukrainian liberation movement. The former recognized, the Orthodox rite, but did everything it could to strictly control the activities of the Orthodox clergy. The churchmen’s work was restricted, as well as those of the monasteries, church lands and constructions were confiscated and transferred to cultural, economic or administrative buildings. The priests assisted the OUN men both spiritually and materially, hid the men underground in their homes and stored weapons and ammunition in their churches. In spite of all the repressive measures, the secret agents continued to discover the nationalists’ hiding places in the homes of the GCC priests, whereas in the churches the weapons and bullets were found. It is worthy of note, that a considerable part of the Unia Church members not only supplied the nationalists with food, clothes, money, and hid them in their own homes, but also propagated the ideas.
10

COLLABORATORS, INFORMERS AND AGENTS IN OCCUPIED KRAKOW: A CONTRIBUTION TO FURTHER RESEARCH

75%
Jarkowska-Natkaniec A.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2020
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
69 – 92
EN
This study contributes the new research exploring cases of collaboration with the German authorities and the phenomenon of delators (denouncers), informers and agents in occupied Krakow, as well as letters of denunciation. Cases linked to the blackmailing at the beginning of World War II of Jews, and as the war continued of colleagues and neighbours working for the resistance and of disliked relatives and in-laws are also taken into account. Letters written by Krakow inhabitants – some anonymous, others signed – are appraised for information contained therein on political, racial, economic, social and financial matters. The article also describes the activities of the Polish resistance against collaborators and the post-war settling of scores through the Krakow Special Criminal Court in the early post-war years.
11

PROPELLANTS OF UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY-GOVERNMENT SYNERGY: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CZECH AND SLOVAK MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

75%
Prokop V., Odei S. A., Stejskal J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2018
|
vol. 66
|
issue 10
987 – 1001
EN
The triple helix collaboration among universities, industries and governments resulting in the efficient creation of innovation has gained lofty scholarly attention in recent times. This institutional interdependence creates win-win outcomes leading to improved firms competitiveness, human capital development and general economic development. The rapid implementation of knowledge and outcomes of academic research emanating from universities and other public research organizations are crucial for firm’s competitiveness so firms are increasingly getting closer to the sources of knowledge and innovation. We examined the factors that influence firm’s cooperation with universities and government research entities in the Czech Republic and Slovakia by using data from the 2010 – 2012 Community Innovation Survey and the logistic regression models. The results of our analysis have demonstrated that both Czech and Slovak firms perceive their cooperation with universities as essential and beneficial for their innovative performance. Additionally, Slovak and Czech firms are self-sufficient and can provide basic input factors and capital goods necessary for their production hence they do not cooperate in this regard.
12
Content available remote

Antropologia filozoficzna w Trzeciej Rzeszy

75%
Michalski R.
Filo-Sofija
|
2009
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vol. 9
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issue 9
155-172
EN
The article presents the evolution of philosophical anthropology – a new philosophical discipline which originated in Germany in the interwar period. After taking over the power by Hitler, some of the anthropologists were forced to emigrate, while the rest of them stayed in the country and began collaborating with the new government. Erich Rothacker and Arnold Gehlen are the examples of various ways of involvement in Nazi politics. Both thinkers not only occupied high positions at the universities and in national organizations but also promoted the ideology in their texts.
13

PODPLUKOVNÍK JÁN ŠMIGOVSKÝ A EINSATZGRUPPE H NA SLOVENSKU NA JESEŇ 1944

63%
Baka I.
Vojenská história
|
2017
|
vol. 21
|
issue 1
137 - 146
EN
The monitored document points out to the activities of the Lieutenant Colonel of the Slovak Army, J. Šmigovský, in favour of the occupying regime in Slovakia during the World War 2. The study increases knowledge on the field of collaboration with the Germans, in particular the units of the Nazi security apparatus. It contains the record of the interview kept with Šmigovský by a member of the Emergency Group H (Einsatzgruppe H), of the German Security Police (Sicherheitpolizei – SIPO) and Security Service (Sicherheitsdienst – SD) in November 1944. In Slovakia, this unit operated with its six commandos and supporting points. It focused on fighting the members of resistance, Slovak National Uprising, applying terror and reprisals against the civil citizens, Jews and Gypsies. From the report in question, we may read the attitude and opinion of Šmigovský on the political situation in Slovakia, the relations in Army, on the German-Slovak alliance. The document presents his opinions in a different light as well, outside the debate outlined above. It appears that Šmigovský’s responsibility for cooperation with the Nazi occupational apparatus cannot be marginalized and only interpreted through the lens of his decision whether or not to observe the military oath of the Slovak Republic. Information in the document suggests that his cooperation with Einsatzgruppe H continued in a relatively intense form in the following period as well. The Germans were very interested in him not only due to obtaining the professional information of military nature mentioned in the interview in question. Šmigovský also provided them with his own remarks on the political uncertainty of some of the Slovak officers, whereby he was exposing them to the threat of subsequent prosecution, more or less knowingly. The document itself is published according to the established rules for the issue of sources, disclosed in full wording. It is published bilingually, first in Slovak translation, followed by the German original.
14
Content available remote

Jan Mertl: sociolog-kolaborant, nebo oběť okolností?

63%
Nešpor Z. R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 2
343-366
EN
The article analyses the life and academic contribution of one of the most prominent interwar Czech sociologists, Jan Mertl (1904–1978), whose studies in political sociology studies were highly innovative in his day, in both the Czech and the international context. Mertl was a follower of Max Weber and focused on the comparative historical-sociological analysis of political partisanship and party systems. He also devoted extensive study to changes in the relationship between state administration/bureaucracy and political representation. He enriched the field of (Czech) sociological theory with his concept of the ‘self-regularity of social phenomena’, dealing with the unintended outcomes and latent functions of social action, and he attempted to distinguish between Weberian ideal types and ‘historical types’. He also made the first systematic analysis of modern bureaucracy, using the Weberian concept of the ‚iron cage of modernisation‘. However, Mertl is a significant figure in the history of Czech sociology for another reason: his behaviour during the Second World War is generally perceived as an explicit example of collaboration with Nazism, which led to Mertl’s total exclusion from the academic community after the war. The author analyses the motives and extent of Mertl’s ‘wrongdoing’, as well as the reasons for his being ostracised by the academic world, even though he was officially acquitted of collaboration. The author also provides a brief description of his later life. The article is based on all available published sources and on a large number of previously unknown and unexploited archive materials.
15

UNDERSTANDING OF INTENTIONS, SHARED INTENTIONS: THE ORIGINS OF CULTURAL THINKING

51%
Tomasello M., Carpenter M., Call J., Behne T., Moll H.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2007
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vol. 62
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issue 1
61-105
EN
The authors propose that the crucial difference between human cognition and that of other species is the ability to participate with others in collaborative activities with shared goals and intentions: shared intentionality. Participation in such activities requires not only especially powerful forms of intention reading and cultural learning, but also a unique motivation to share psychological states with others and unique forms of cognitive representation for doing so. The result of participating in these activities is species-unique forms of cultural cognition and evolution, enabling everything from the creation and use of linguistic symbols to the construction of social norms and individual beliefs to the establishment of social institutions. In support of this proposal we argue and present evidence that great apes (and some children with autism) understand the basics of intentional action, but they still do not participate in activities involving joint intentions and attention (shared intentionality). Human children's skills of shared intentionality develop gradually during the first 14 months of life as two ontogenetic pathways intertwine: 1. the general ape line of understanding others as animate, goal-directed, and intentional agents; and 2. a species-unique motivation to share emotions, experience, and activities with other persons. The developmental outcome is children's ability to construct dialogic cognitive representations, which enable them to participate in earnest in the collectivity that is human cognition.
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