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1

Second-order free-riding problem and its solutions

100%
Kovacs B.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2008
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vol. 18
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issue 2
146-166
EN
For the past twenty years numerous various attempts have been developed to explain the co-operation problems on the area of social sciences based on the discipline of rational decision theory and similar intentions of evolutionary biology have joined these initiatives. Despite the outstandingly rich literature on suggested solutions, the problem has not been answered yet. A number of attempts at solving the Second-order Free-riding Problem suggest to involve an extemal factor in order to explain the co-operative behaviour (e.g. altruistic punishment), others attempt to modify the original problem, inserting rigorous assumptions (evolutionary explanations). It seems that the altruistic punishment and the strong reciprocity will get outstanding roles in explaining the emerging and sustaining of norms. On the other hend this should not mean that the rational calculation approach would not play any role in the future, as the various social control mechanisms expressed by the social networks can represent such cost reduction factors which can strengthen the motives based un fairness.
2

HETEROGENEITY OF A REGION, REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT (Heterogenicznosc regionu, integracja regionalna a rozwój regionalny)

100%
Cybula A.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2009
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issue 4(195)
43-62
EN
Despite its stereotypical outlook of a homogeneous administrative unit, the Silesian Voivodship is subdivided into five socio-cultural subregions and four economic areas. This heterogeneity results in a significant social and cultural potential, which might accelerate economic development. Unfortunately, the assets are dispersed all around the region, and there are no commonly shared traditions, norms, values and symbols that would enhance regional integration and regional collective action. In this context divergences of economic interests are difficult to reconcile. One may wonder whether the developmental potential, dispersed among localities, communities and sectors, can be coordinated for increasing the pace of regional development.
3

KDYŽ VLÁDY JEDNAJÍ V ROZPORU S TÍM, K ČEMU SE HLÁSÍ: PŘÍPAD KLIMATICKÉ AKRASIE

100%
Urban P., Swain D.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2023
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vol. 78
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issue 3
211 – 223
EN
How can one freely act contrary to one’s better judgement about what is right? Since antiquity, this question has attracted attention of many ethicists and theorists of action as the “problem of akrasia”. On a traditional and still influential view akrasia happens when some irrational tendencies, emotions and desires override the rational part of one’s soul and cause them to act in a way which contradicts their rational beliefs about what is good and desirable. In this paper, we aim to show that the view of akrasia as a matter of practical irrationality doesn’t provide an adequate tool for understanding the complex nature of akrasia, since it obstructs an insight into the rational and social dimension of akrasia. We will argue that akrasia, far from being only an individual phenomenon, concerns also the action of broader social and political entities. We will introduce the notion of socio-political akrasia and demonstrate the seriousness of this phenomenon by analysing the case of (in)action of contemporary governments in the context of the climate crisis. Finally, we will conclude by offering a perspective on how to prevent socio-political akrasia.
4

KOLEKTÍVNE ŽALOBY V SPOTREBITEĽSKÝCH VECIACH – TERRA INCOGNITA V SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE? POVAHA POŽADOVANÝCH NÁROKOV, FINANCOVANIE, NÁHRADA TROV KONANIA, ÚČINKY ROZHODNUTIA A CEZHRANIČNÉ UPLATNENIE KOLEKTÍVNYCH PRÁV – 2. ČASŤ

86%
Maslák M.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2017
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vol. 100
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issue 3
268 – 288
EN
In the present paper the author deals with specific questions of consumer collective redress mechanisms, especially in cases of compensatory collective redress. In each chapter is discussed some of these issues such as the nature of the required claims (refrain from unlawful conduct, unjust enrichment, damages, financial satisfaction), effects of res iudicata and right to propose enforcement of decision by individual aggrieved consumer, funding of collective actions, reimbursement of legal costs and finally the possibility of the future development at EU level in this area. In the Slovak Republic it is considering about adoption of legislation that will regulates collective redress mechanism in comprehensive manner, whereas as present in the Slovak Republic it does not exist compensatory collective redress. Because of possible abusing of collective actions the author proposes an appropriate system for the Slovak republic.
5
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Political-Economic Transnational Behavior: A Case Study of the Polish American Economic Forum

86%
Erdmans M. P.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2018
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vol. 44
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issue 4 (170)
9–30
EN
This article presents a case study of the Polish American Economic Forum as an example of public transnational behavior in intertwining economic and political spheres. The organization was formed in 1989, primarily by Solidarity refugees and other contemporary migrants, along with a small number of Polish Americans and WWII émigrés who played salient roles. The migrants utilized cross-national networks and bi-cultural knowledge to create a nonprofit organization to promote investment in Poland’s emerging private sector economy, which they also defined as political support for the new government. The transnational networks of these contemporary Polish migrants in the U.S. were simultaneously embedded in both the home and host countries.
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