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1

Konstruowanie litewskiej tozsamości zbiorowej: tendencje

100%

Svarplys A.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2011

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issue 2(16)

229-250

EN

There are several analytical instruments to think about the construction of national collective identities in Central East Europe, including Lithuania. Possibly the most applicable for this article are the following: the construction of regions that nations prescribes themselves in order to distance from unfavourable states or regions (mostly assumed as danger), the role of the “Other” in national collective identity, ethnolinguistic versus political construction of nation, cultural trauma and triumph, postcolonial identity problems, civilizational versus integrational European identity. Highlighted by these theoretical guides, the article reveals how Lithuanian collective identity had been constructed in different historical periods.

2

EXAMPLES AND PROOFS FROM HISTORY (HISTORICAL PROSES BY M. KUKUCIN, L. N. JEGE AND M. RAZUS)

80%

Bilik R.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2007

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vol. 54

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issue 1

1-26

EN

The aim of the study is to depict character of the prose written as a historical genre in the first third of the 20th c. and to show how cultural memory was being created in that time through the fine literature. The author tries to follow the conception of the historical past through an analysis and interpretation of the proses by Martin Kukucin, Ladislav Nadasi Jege and Martin Razus; he dealt with a way how they were constructed as well as what was the functional intention of the proses. The author used Assman's concept as a methodological platform of the cultural memory as a past time worth of being remembered and he also used the results of his own research of the poetics of a historical genre he did in the beginning of 90s. The work showed that in the beginning of the 20th c. the Slovak literature had a part in construction of the collective identity through Vajansky's and Kukucin's proses from the 'present time'. It was a process of a literary plurality of the identities that could be identified as a modernistic signal in the Slovak prose. The excluding national concept of the identity lost a dominance in that and it was completed by identity of the village communities, families and the lineage and so on. The historical genre entered into this process in the 20s and 30s in the version based on the examples from the history (Kukucin and Razus) that are extension of the pragmatically mythological line of the historical prose having started in the Slovak romanticism and in a version of history as a proof of the eternal pulsation of the human beings substance between the animal and cultivated behaviour (Jege). The key result of the study is a confirmation of pragmatic orientation of the proses of Kukucin and Razus and explicitly formulated polemic instruction of Jege's historical proses opposite to the domestic romanticist tradition. This polemic is evident not only in the level of topics but also in the way how Jege works with the conventional generic schemes.

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THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN CINEMATOGRAPHY. ON MEMORY CARRIERS (Wielka Wojna Ojczyzniana we wspólczesnej rosyjskiej kinematografii. O nosnikach pamieci zbiorowej)

80%

Bachorz A.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2009

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issue 2(331)

91-110

EN

The article deals with selected ways of presenting the Second World War in contemporary Russian cinematography on the example of several films produced in the years 2002-2008. The theoretical framework of the analysis is defined by issues pertaining to collective memory, its carriers and the medialisation of memory. In the background of the considerations is the thesis that the victory over fascism was and still is a vital factor in building Soviet and Russian collective identity. This effect is achieved by sustaining the state-controlled, heroic, one-sided and unrealistic image of the war to the exclusion of elements at odds with the paradigm of victory. Contrary to such an interpretation, the authoress of the article draws attention to the heterogeneity and polyphonicity of the Russian discourse on the past. Analysis includes films which adhere to the legitimized heroic discourse as well as those that present other, alternative or even subvertive narrations.

4

MY V JA ALEBO JA V MY? KOLEKTÍVNA INTENCIONALITA A JASTVO

80%

Zahavi D.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2023

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vol. 78

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issue 10

801 – 820

EN

The article takes issue with the proposal that dominant accounts of collective intentionality suffer from an individualist bias and that one should instead reverse the order of explanation and give primacy to the we and the community. It discusses different versions of the community first view and argues that they fail because they operate with too simplistic a conception of what it means to be a self and misunderstand what it means to be (part of) a we. In presenting this argument, the article seeks to demonstrate that a thorough investigation of collective intentionality has to address the status and nature of the we, and that doing so will require an analysis of the relation between the we and the I, which in turn will call for a more explicit engagement with the question of selfhood than is customary in contemporary discussions of collective intentionality.

5

KONŠTRUKCIE KOLEKTÍVNEJ IDENTITY HOVORIACEHO

70%

Sokolová J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2019

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vol. 84

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issue 3

239 – 257

EN

The topic of the present paper is linguistic self-presentation of the speaker, implemented through the structures with an explicit we and a noun modifier N, which is an updated and ostentatious expression of one of its real or fictitious social and/or personal roles. The structures of collective identity are judged as composite units, which the speaker uses and verifies himself/ herself intuitively. The engagement of the speaker is reflected through the synergy of functions such as communication, thematization, social relations, influence and self-presentation. The study focuses on the interpretation of structures of collective identity of the speaker in terms of their systemic properties and discursive realizations, i.e. in terms of ego projection and ego presentation. We follow from (a) the thematization of collective identity, reflecting on (i) the difference between the cumulative and distributive frequency, (ii) preference of either the classification or qualification reasoning, (iii) use of the pragmatic approach when confirming or denying the factual nature of collective identity, and (b) the role of emphasis in the formation and discursive use of the structures of collective identity of the speaker.

6

SLOVAK FILM THE BORDER AND THE PROBLEM OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF COLLECTIVE IDENTITY (Slovensky film Hranica a problem konstruovania kolektivnej identity)

70%

Dudkova J.

Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)

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2010

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vol. 58

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issue 4

619-628

EN

The text deals with a documentary film The Border directed by Jaroslav Vojtek and carried out in 2009. It itself is conceived as a group portrait of the residents of the village Slemence and raises several questions about constructing collective identities in areas divided by state borders. The village is currently divided between Slovakia and Ukraine. The split occurred in 1946 and is actual remained. Absurdity of the Slemence case is emphasized by many factors. The inhabitants, suddenly divided between two Slavic states, are mostly of Hungarian nationality. Further, the closely guarded border didn't divide two geopolitical blocs, but the Soviet Union and the other socialistic state. Last but not least, the border remains in place today. Although in 2005 it was opened for the use of cyclists and pedestrians, in 2008 it became the border of the Schengen zone. Once again, now at least it is surveyed as closely as it was in 1949. The introduction of visa requirements for Ukrainians - and the Ukraine's reciprocal response - once again makes crossing the border a long process, involving a journey to the nearest district town which often takes several hours. The text analyses all of these facts as well as some specifically filmic means of metaphoric crossing the border.

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SVÄTOPLUK AKO SYMBOL NÁRODA A IDEÁL OBČIANSKYCH CNOSTÍ (V UČEBNICIACH DEJEPISU PRE ZÁKLADNÉ A STREDNÉ ŠKOLY VYDÁVANÝCH V ROKOCH 1918 - 1945)

70%

Otčenášová S.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2021

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vol. 25

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issue 1

91 – 112

EN

Analysing history textbooks used in Slovak schools in two different political regimes in 1918 – 1938 and 1939 – 1945, the article discusses the political instrumentalization of medieval ruler Svätopluk in school history education. Despite of changing regimes, different political values and agendas and developments in historical research, history textbooks tended to ascribe him in two distinctive roles, constantly. Historical hero, who became an iconic figure in Slovak nation-building historiography, was used in two different ways in the formation of the collective identity and collective memory of the pupils – as a symbol of social cohesion of the community – members of the nation, and as an embodiment of the fight against the Others – the enemies of the nation. This lead to the exclusion of many students with minority background (Hungarian, German, and in the later period also Czech) from the mainstream narrative and labeled them as enemies.

8

„Nowi niepokorni”. Powstanie Komitetu Obrony Robotników jako wyzwanie dla teorii socjologicznej

70%

Dietz H.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2013

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issue 3(210)

97–121

EN

The emergence of Poland’s Komitet Obrony Robotników, KOR, is a challenge for social movement research whose concepts were mainly developed studying movements in Western democratic countries. The currently dominating structuralist rationalist approach tends to reduce protests to a strategic reaction to favourable opportunity structures. Although this approach offers an adequate evolutionary explanation for KOR’s success, it does not offer a convincing causal explanation for its emergence and the mobilization of activists. This article develops an alternative explanation, using concepts from theories of collective identity, american pragmatism, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber.

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Diskurzívna (de)konštrukcia kolektívnej identity: súperiace obrazy „Rómov“

61%

Mikus M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2008

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vol. 95

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issue 3

251-272

EN

This interdisciplinary work explores current controversy over the collective identity of Romani and reasons for their social predicament. The first position, associated with Romani studies and identity politics, sees all Romani as a part of an 'ethnic group', and connects their plight to 'racial' discrimination and intolerance. Some anthropologists and social policy-makers call this 'primordialism' and deconstruct the notion of a unitary and natural 'Romani nation', maintaining most ghetto inhabitants are only classified as 'Romani' and their identity derives from their 'social exclusion'. Matching policies are advocated. The author combines contemporary anthropological approaches to the identity construction with theories of discourse to conceptualize the debate, completing the framework with self-reflection of social science. The method of Critical Discourse Analysis is applied in examining corpora of academic and specialized writing, policy papers and media texts for the discourse construction of identity. Arguing that both discourses are differentiated instantiations of the same diagram of power normalizing 'troublesome' subjectivities, the author touches upon the ethical responsibility of scientists deconstructing essentialist representations of identities and circulating their own constructs instead.

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1 Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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