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VZNIK A VÝVOJ KOLÓNIÍ NA VÝCHODNOM SLOVENSKU V ROKOCH 1918 - 1938

100%
Hrehor H.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2009
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vol. 12
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issue 3
-
EN
A special way of the land redistribution - inner colonization existed during the Land reform in Czechoslovakia in 1918-1938. Three colonies were established in the East Slovakia (Velke Kapusany, Streda nad Bodrogom a Botany). People who came to the colonies sought improving their economic position and social situation. They wanted to reach the self-sufficiency for them and their family. Land area which colonists received in colonies through the colonial apportion process was big enough to assure their living only through agricultural activity. At the same time it is necessary to tell that colonists had to pay for land - allocation price. It is expected that the allocation price was high and they spent a lot of money on building or reconstruction of buildings and setting up first up planting. In regard to the amount of allocation price and initial cost it was normal that colonists took loans. But it was not very good solution, because a lot of farmers had problem with repayments. Colonies were established in so called colonial area - the south part of Slovakia. In this area lived mostly Hungarian minority. With the arrival of colonists, who were mainly Czechs and Slovaks, national structure of citizens in villages changed. The different nationality of new-settlers caused that the original villager perceived the colonists as a foreign element. After the Vienna arbitrage the south part of Slovakia was ceded to Hungary, including all three colonies. Many of colonists, with respect to the wave of violence from the Hungarian people, left their homes and returned to Czechoslovakia. After the end of the Second World War, the ceded area was given back to Czechoslovakia, but not all colonists returned back to their former colonies.
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