The authoress analyzes various forms of interaction between verbal and visual messages. It is very common nowadays to assume that we live in the 'civilization of image' that minimizes the role of traditional verbal messages. Though, various cases of verbal-visual structures let us presume that instead of monopoly of one kind of message, we rather have to deal with intermediacy. It is argued that the new model of interaction between verbal and visual forms has been introduced: both kinds of elements not only coexist in the same message, but penetrate each other in order to create a new hybrid construction as, for instance in: the press photography with captions, the dynamic typography and the hypertext. The article pays special attention to the theoretical background - the postmodern turn in semiotics: Lyotard's figure is opposed to Barthes' modern theories.
(Polish title: Przeslanki i kierunek zmian komunikacji pomiedzy firma i klientami w kontekscie ewolucji postaw oraz rozwoju cyfrowych narzedzi komunikacyjnych). 1. Purpose The aim of the article is to show potential changes in the communication between a company and its clients in the context of information needs, the social attitudes of people and the development of digital communication tools. 2. Methodology This paper consists of theoretical considerations concerning communication needs, social attitudes and digital communication tools, as well as some chosen study results. The conclusions from the discussion conducted during the conference 'Time for growth 2011', whose participants were both representatives of the scientific world and business practitioners, were presented together with the results of the surveys by questionnaire conducted during the conference. 3. Findings The premises for cooperation between clients and companies based on the desire to raise the quality of life of local communities were also depicted in the study. What influences this cooperation is, on the one hand, the development of digital communication tools and, on the other hand, people's attitudes proving the willingness to be involved in the exchange of knowledge and experience for the widely understood improvement of life conditions. Many fears and barriers are also perceived, especially concerning the intentions and honesty of companies. 4. Research limitations/implications Both the surveys by questionnaire and the discussion were conducted among the participants of the conference, which was a limitation to this research. 5. Originality The article indicates a possible direction of communication development and cooperation between companies and clients. The preferred media are communication solutions available on the Internet allowing for direct contacts, and simultaneously used by individuals of higher activity. The main motivating factor for clients is the conviction that they are able to contribute to the improvement of the quality, functionality and availability of products and services. Material bonuses may be interpreted negatively. The clients' opinion on the sincerity of the intentions of the company is of great significance for any potential exchange of information and experience. However, it is generally assumed that companies initially fulfill their goals without perceiving their clients' interest.
The purpose of this study is to define manipulation and separate it theoretically from persuasion as much as possible, as well as to present linguistic realizations of manipulative psychological strategies applied in written advertisements. The corpus consists of half and one page size written advertisements collected from various magazines. To define and separate manipulation vs. persuasion the authoress applies the Gricean cooperative model (GRICE 1997), the face-work model elaborated by GOFFMAN (1995), and SPERBER & WILSON's (1986) ostensive-inferential communication model. The Gricean model reveals that, while persuasion is a kind of cooperative linguistic behaviour, manipulation involves violation of the cooperative principle. In the face-work model persuasion can be classified as a facethreatening act, and although manipulation seems at first sight to be face-protecting, in fact it is facethreatening as well. Persuasion and manipulation can be best separated with the help of the ostensiveinferential communication model. This model claims that while persuasion is communication, manipulation is not communication. She analyses the linguistic realizations of four different ps ychologicalstrategies: the minimum-group paradigm, threatening, personal experience and uniqueness. With the help of the analysis she presents the linguistic devices that can make those psychological strategies work.
Traditionally, we associate the language concept with that of communication. In practice, however, this conceptual link is treated by linguists too loosely and arbitrarily. In the current study, we try to render the relationship of language to communication more transparent and accurate. We start by confronting the properties of speaking with those of other modes of human interaction. Such an approach helps us to gain a more adequate insight into the nature of language, its origins and its role in our life.
The need to create professional and adaptive mobility of future conductors and choirmasters is shown in the paper. The multicultural nature of the conductor’s activity is presented. General professional competences are described, methods and techniques of their development are discussed. Some notes on methods of teaching conductors are shown. Peculiarities of the conductor’s work are touched upon.
This article is a reaction to M. Komarek's essay Communication versus system? (1999) and is primarily concerned with the critical analysis of the dichotomic concept of natural language. In particular, the absence of empirical evidence for a language system (langue) is pointed out, which creates serious issues for the entire structuralist approach. That is, if it is impossible to have empirical experience with a language system (langue), it is thus impossible from the position of empirical science to make any sort of claim regarding the relationship between this system and concrete instances of speech. It is thus deemed necessary to reject the langue-parole dichotomy in linguistics. The aim of non-dichotomic linguistics is, then, to create models of the speech behavior of language users, not the reconstruction of a language system (langue). As natural language in actual communication is quite varied, these models will have a merely approximative character.
Constructivist learning theories bring benefits to the practice of museum education. They perceive learners as active agents of the learning process, building new knowledge and experience on earlier ones. In addition to knowledge, they also focus on developing a range of skills and competencies, such as the development of critical thinking, communication skills, or social skills. Therefore, they form an appropriate pedagogical background for the educational activities of the museum. The question for museum educators remains, however, how to use them in practice. In the study, possibilities of using them will be presented by introducing the research results to the reader. The realized video study was aimed to find out whether the analysed educational program of the Silesian Museum in Opava applied elements of constructivist learning theories and, if so, by what means they did so.
The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that procedurally structured concepts are central to human communication in all cultures and throughout history. This thesis is supported by an analytical survey of three very different means of communication, namely Egyptian hieroglyphs, pictures, and Inca knot writing known as khipu. The author ś thesis is that we learn, communicate and think by means of concepts; and regardless of the way in which the meaning of an expression is encoded, the meaning is a concept. Yet we do not define concepts within the classical set-theoretical framework. Instead, within the logical framework of Transparent Intensional Logic, we explicate concepts as logical procedures that can be assigned to expressions as their context-invariant meaning. In particular, complex meanings, which structurally match complex expressions, are complex procedures whose parts are sub-procedures. The moral suggested by the paper is this. Concepts are not flat sets; rather, they are algorithmically structured abstract procedures. Unlike sets, concepts have constituent sub-procedures that can be executed in order to arrive at the product of the procedure (if any). Not only particular parts matter, but also the way of combining these parts into one whole ‘instruction’ that can be followed, understood, executed, learnt, etc., matters.
Free market economy requires the company to build a dynamic and unique image. Each market operator should use all possibility of communication channels to use synergy effects to differ from competitors. Analysis of the elements of communication allowed to build a probable model, the matrix, for funeral business in Poland.
This article proposes a way of formalizing the description of various types of relations between the elements of museum communication based on the semiotic approach and the concepts introduced by F. de Saussure, C.S. Pierce and C.W. Morris. Semiotic models can be used to explain the specifics of museum communication for museum studies and as a methodological basis for developing various versions of databases or other software for museum affairs.
The study is focused on the theoretical definition of communication tools as components of the communication concept. There are three types of communication tools: persuasive techniques, arguments, and stereotypes. In this paper, we study communication tools in television programmes of the reality TV genre. Reality TV is characterized as unfeigned programmes, with or without script, which depict ordinary people in their real lives and which have entertainment goals. The aim of the study is to characterize and theoretically define communication tools in reality TV programmes.
The article deals with courtship from the perspective of communication. It focuses on the meanings and forms with which the cultural memory is reflected and reinforced by specific rules of courtship in the context of social regulation. It tracks changes in courtship by comparing the constitutive signals and found the traditional model with its current conceptualization. It is based on the results of research done in 2006-2007 among secondary-school students ages 15-19 from the schools in Prague and the village schools of selected regions of Moravia.
We argue that the dynamic growth of the world-wide computer network has a revolutionary impact on scientific research and its spatial organization. Due to third generation Internet, scientific research can be done very far from real scientific centres. In those parts of the world where researchers have access to the fast Internet, scientific research undergoes democratization. The world-wide computer network made revolution not only in communication between scientists, but also in the way of approaching scientific discovery, creating virtual laboratories and infrastructure for computing 'on request', called grid computing. To illustrate these revolutionary changes, we use examples related to the Polish optical Internet owned by scientific community. We also present another, rather troublesome consequence of networking - the problem of the growing gap between data generation and data comprehension. To bridge this gap, a new discipline has emerged, called knowledge discovery from data, or machine intelligence. Knowledge discovery is a process of identifying true, non-trivial, potentially useful and comprehensible patterns in data. The patterns can be used for explanation of phenomena described by data and for prediction of their development. Patterns discovered from data may also become new scientific hypotheses, which is new comparing to the way of approaching scientific discovery before Internet.
The main task of the paper is the relationship between the space in urban- architecture meaning and the social communication, social processes. This problem is resolved at a housing estate, which is specific urban place with mostly residential function, absent of typical street, a lot of dwelling-houses etc. The author chose for his ethnological research a smaller part in neighbourhood of Petrzalka. The residents of this part are visibly more active in citizen life than those who live in other part of housing estate. The first author premise was due to its specific urbanism (a lot of green places, majority of low-storied dwellings), but research exposed that the main factor is age of this part.
The aim of the paper is to explore the presuppositions of intercultural dialogue on the background of the analysis and model typology of dialogical speech acts. One of the unexpected consequences of the postmodern developments in Western philosophy is a fundamental crisis of its traditional universalist paradigm. This paradigm is challenged by an ambitious pluralist one, which is rooted in cultural world diversity. The paper explores a justified philosophical answer to a possible intercultural dialogue. It also asks the question what inherent elements and what types of dialogue should create the basis of such an „intercultural speaking“.
The goal of the presented paper is to present general overview of lexical motivation in the language of advertising. It provides short description of the advertising in general and description of its language. The advertising basically contains verbal or visual representation of the advertised product, or the combination of verbal and visual signs that should be in balance and should cooperate to successfully accomplish the aims of advertising – to engage attention of percipients, to arouse their interest in the advertised product, to be memorable and, finally, to sell the product. Besides the visual representation of the advertised product the language of advertisement is very important. The lexical representation of advertising can be motivated in several ways. The paper deals with the selected specific lexical motivations in advertising – semantic/figurative, phraseological, inter-lingual, expressive, sociolectical, territorial and individual motivations. The paper provides general description of the respective motivation and its application to the language of advertisement with a set of specific examples.
The author analyses content and formal structures of a sermon as an individual genre. He reasons that texts of religious communication sphere are not united on a base of a special religious style, but they are related to the several functional language styles.
The study explores when and why speakers in the dialogic communication refer to themselves through a combination of the verbal person with the personal pronoun “I”(i.e., an explicit self-reference), even though a verb endings alone indicate the person in the Slovak language. Traditionally, expressiveness, emotionality, emphasis and functional sentence perspective are considered to be the cause for explicit self-referencing. In this paper, we focus on two questions: (a) What are the verbs’ semantic classes that are used preferentially in the dialogue in the 1st person singular form? (b) Which verbs are used with the explicit self-reference most frequently? The research shows, that cognitive verbs (and those representing the inner world of the speaker) are among the verbs with the highest degree of explicit self-referencing. The paper concludes with the case study of explicit self-reference using cognitive verb “I do not know” as an example compared to implicit self-reference. We used the text-corpus method. The findings of the study are interpreted within the salience theory.
This research provides a rhetorical analysis of the visual communication of the Slow Food International website to consider how Slow Food communicates messages to its audience via photographs on its website. Using a visual communication perspective combined with Perelman’s notion of “rhetorical presence” as a theoretical framework, I argue that Slow Food’s visual communication (photographs and website content) conflict with their creed stating that good food should be available to people of all incomes and backgrounds. I explore how the visual messages of two representative photographs evoke compelling imagery of travel, gourmet food, cooking, and fine dining. However, I contend that these images fail to overcome rhetorical barriers of time, money, and skill that would be needed to get more lower- and middle-class people and home cooks to implement Slow Food objectives. Thus, the Slow Food photographs alienate those with less income, leisure time, or cooking skill and reinforce the view of Slow Food as an elitist social movement.
Karel Poláček, one of the most important novelists of the Czech literature of the twenties and thirties was not considered as the writer who used somatic topics in a modern way. He was rather interested in presenting the impossibility of interpersonal communication, caused by the degeneration of language, its stereotypisation and destruction of authentic relationships between people. In Poláček’s semiotic project every human behaviour, part of the body or piece of clothing acquires its special meaning and helps the reader to recognize heroe’s character, to situate him in social structures and to evaluate his acts and words. The body (especially invalid or abnomal) is in this case the only reliable sign of personal subjectivity.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.