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1

An international comparison of R and D activity, based on national statistics

100%
Borsi B., Telcs A.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2004
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vol. 51
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issue 2
153-172
EN
The authors show what methods can be used to classify countries based on their statistics for research and development activity. The initial problem is that as many international tables can be compiled as there are indices employed. In the absence of standard statistical methods, selection among these becomes arbitrary. The solution recommended by the authors is to use compound tables compiled by analysis of main components and with genetic algorithms. They give examples of tables and point out the advantages and drawbacks of each method.
2

POLONOCENTRISM IN THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE: THE RATIONALE BEHIND THE PHENOMENON AND ITS LIMITATIONS (AS PART OF A UNIVERSITY LITERARY-HISTORY SYNTHESIS)

100%
Marinelli L.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2005
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issue 1/2(91/92)
198-214
EN
This essay analyses certain negative (or, potentially adverse) consequences of two types of polonocentrism in the Polish literary-history vulgate. It also remarks certain specific aspects of the issue, ones that may become a starting point for a deepened and more detailed discussion in a future (i.e. such as attitudes toward ethnic, linguistic, religious, sexual, etc. minorities of any sort). Yet, in the first place, discussed are certain general issues which, in the context of Polish studies under redevelopment, will definitely require being thoroughly re-evaluated. The author's main premise is his conviction that polonocentrism and broader methodological and research prospects, such as 'internal comparative studies' (a concept by W. Panas) and 'external comparative studies', Europeanism, world literature, etc., are not alternative concepts by nature. Instead, they merely constitute certain determined viewpoints that may be merged and/or rendered mutually complementary, if only nationalistic, ethnical, religious, moral, and ideological prejudices, which could have frequently been met in some earlier literary-history studies and analyses, are avoided.
3

A PROJECT FOR INTERNAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES

100%
Ziemba K.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2005
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issue 1/2(91/92)
60-71
EN
Starting off from the history of Polish studies, the authoress draws our attention to a certain paradox. Namely, a literature that is internally dialogised and which has for several centuries been created and received by one of the most linguistically, ethnically and culturally diversified European societies, proves to have been reflected in a history of the national literature which is extremely homogenous. Juxtaposed against this approach is a project for internal comparative studies which would describe the numerousness and reciprocal influences of the literatures and cultures of the Commonwealth of Two Nations of yore, whilst also surveying the consequences of a pluralistic heritage for each of the national literatures ensuing from it, or accompanying it over a certain period. Finally, the authoress postulates that it be necessary to analyse the assumptions on nationality and identity as inscribed within Polish studies. She does so by drawing the reader's attention to the fact that national identity ranks amongst phenomena not only being assumed or accepted, but also, partly generated and defined by research procedures of literary and/or cultural history.
4
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Artykuły wojskowe dla Milicji Karola Stanisława Radziwiłła na tle prawa wojskowego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego

100%
Organiściak W.
Z Dziejów Prawa
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2011
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vol. 4(12)
299-319
EN
The comparative studies conducted show mutual influences of military laws to be obeyed in the Crown and Lithaunia. Military articles by Krzysztof and Janusz Radziwiłł were one of few native military codifications of the gentry Republic of Poland used when writing Military articles from 1775 which, in turn, constituted the only basis for publishing Military articles for the militia of Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł. Radziwiłł’s articles include numerous humane elements. The very tendencies were already visible in codification from 1775, however, a change Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł made in articles in line with the spirit of the very period led to, included among others, the replacement of death penalty with life imprisonment, combined with a forced labour, as well as a total elimination of a disgraceful punishment of denouncement.
5
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INTERCULTURAL STUDIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONTEMPORARY HISTORIOGRAPHY OF LI TERATURE: 'COMPARING' AS AN INTERPRETATION MODALITY IN WRITING THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE (Interkulturni studia v kontextu soudobe literarni historiografie: 'komparovani' ja

88%
Zelenka M.
World Literature Studies
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2010
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vol. 2 (19)
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issue 4
74-83
EN
Abandoning its exact subject and methodological delimitation, contemporary comparative literature rather takes the form of intellectual reflection whose interdisciplinary linkage lies in the aspect of comparison. Among the major contemporary initiatives, the most prominent are two, known as the intercultural research and imagology. Whereas intercultural comparative studies explore interlocution between cultures through understanding 'otherness', imagology deals with the themes and motifs of the 'other landscapes' in literary texts, using its own and the other people's images. Such images mostly originate in the form of stereotypes and myths representing concrete social and ethnic communities. Thus both methods which exploit emotional experience in the literary communication can advance dialogue between nations (e.g. Czech-German or Slovak-Hungarian relations).
6
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THE EXPERIENCE OF THE CENTRAL-EUROPEAN LITERATURE (Skusenost stredoeuropskej emigrantskej literatury)

88%
Balogh M.
World Literature Studies
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2010
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vol. 2 (19)
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issue 4
49-55
EN
The article presents a publication which pursues one of the few discussed subjects of the comparative literary studies, literature of the Central-European literature of emigration from the viewpoint of the comparative studies. All of the literatures of emigration in the region lying between the German and Russian language areas are closely studied in the publication. The subject is innovatively and widely analysed, drawing on findings that in spite of considerable ideological differences, the situation of emigration disposes of several common general features. Although the narrowing of the subject in the publication is arguable (leaving out Baltic and Bulgarian material), the range is still impressively wide and deep. The extensive introductory study of John Neubauer not only presents the historical context of the given phenomenon, and the nodal points of the 'short twentieth century', but it brings a progressive special distribution of emigrations - it mentions the most important emigrant cultural centres from Vienna through Paris to Constantinople, or Moscow, or even New York and Argentina. It presents Moscow, in an innovative way, as an international cultural centre established after Hitler's rise to power and the subsequent emigrations from the East to the West; and for the first time the reader has a chance to read a relevant summary of the activities of Hungarian communist emigrants there. The collective of authors approaches the subject of the research in various ways, from institutional history to characteristic emigrant literary genres, or to outstanding literary careers. The multilayer and wide question of emigration is studied in a densely-woven net of text-focused analyses also using the methods of social sciences, psychology, sociology, communication theory. It is a pleasant feature of the book that it re-examines or revises topoi, stereotypes connected with the subject of research. It is an inspiring publication from the viewpoint of theory as well as a methodology. It represents rich material and is unavoidable for the further research.
7

MODA JĘZYKOWA. ZMIANY LEKSYKALNE PO ROKU 1989 W UJĘCIU KOMPARATYWNYM SŁOWACKO-POLSKIM

88%
Szymczak-Rozlach M.
Slavica Slovaca
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2020
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vol. 55
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issue 2
171 - 178
EN
My observations concern on linguistic fashion and the accompanying phenomenon, which is snobbery, in the context of changes within the lexical system of Slovak and Polish languages after 1989, when the socio-political breakthrough and the fall of the communist dictatorship in former Czechoslovakia took place. Linguistic fashion, although ephemeral, caused significant shifts and changes in both the verbal and semantic structure of the language. Similar processes and tendencies characterized the language situation in Poland and Slovakia: the tendency to intellectualization and terminologisation, democratization and determinologisation, and above all the internationalization of the Slovak and Polish lexical system.
8
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Średniowieczny »Život Krista Pána« wobec »Meditationes vitae Christi«

88%
Borowiec K.
Bohemistyka
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2016
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vol. 16
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issue 4
313 - 340
EN
The article is an attempt to revise a popular in Czech medieval studies opinion, that preserved from 14th century Život Krista Pána (ŽKP) in its first part is based on Meditationes vitae Christi (MVC), Latin treatise for long time attributed to st. Bonaventure, or that ŽKP is an adaptation or translation of MVC. The author compares the convergent fragments of these texts with the sources of Meditationes vitae Christi and discusses similarities and differences between all of them. She also indicates some differences in the composition of ŽKP and MVC. Finally, she argues that the relationship between these two texts may be slightly different than previously claimed.
9

ORIENTALISM - A TERM BEYOND COMPARE (Orientalizm - pojecie bez porównania)

88%
Karwat-Seko T.
Ruch Literacki
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2009
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vol. 50
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issue 4-5
371-385
EN
Any attempt to survey the state of research into Romantic Orientalism in comparative studies runs into considerable difficulties for two reasons. One is the lack of a commonly shared meaning of the term 'Orientalism', the other is the unresolved dispute about the scope of the very field of comparative studies. This article notes a strong connection between Romantic Orientalism and the type of research goals and ambitions declared by the practitioners of comparative studies. It seems that in so far as virtually all Romantics evinced some interest in the Orient Orientalism would make an ideal subject of comparative research. This chimes in with the opinion of many scholars in the field who have repeatedly called for opening up their discipline to the non-European literary terrain. What is more important, Orientalism would not only broaden the perspective of comparative studies, but also provide a common research field for otherwise irreconcilable approaches.
10

LITERATURE, EXISTENCE, 'BLOSSES LEBEN'. ELECTIVE AFFINITIES OF PETER SZONDI (Literatura, egzystencja, 'blosses Leben'. Petera Szondiego powinowactwa z wyboru)

88%
Musial L.
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2010
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vol. 9
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issue 3(28)
265-282
EN
This article presents the life and work of Peter Szondi, a German literary scholar and the creator of literary hermeneutics and modern comparative studies in postwar Germany, and a careful interpreter of Friedrich Schleiermacher, Friedrich Hölderlin, Walter Benjamin, and Paul Celan. Using a philosophical category of 'naked/bare life' (Giorgio Agamben's notion), the author of the article interprets the work of Szondi as an attempt to rewrite - through the authors that Szondi analyzed and commented on, especially Paul Celan and Walter Benjamin - his own biography. On such a reading, the late work of Peter Szondi would be an attempt to overcome the traumatic war experiences, including the loss of identity and language.
11
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BEYOND ‘GLOBAL BABBLE’. COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AS A CRITICAL META-THEORY FOR GLOCALIZING HUMANITIES

75%
Kola A. F.
World Literature Studies
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2013
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vol. 5 (22)
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issue 2
39 – 51
EN
The article is based on three pillars – convictions regarding both the strictly academic world and the highlighted position of comparative literature in modern humanities and social studies, and from a wider perspective, rational coexistence in multicultural, globalized societies. The first pillar is connected with the postmodern presumption that the 21st century will be domain of globalized academic research and theories and truly cosmopolitan societies. The author argues that glocalization is a real perspective for this century. The second pillar is a conviction that comparative literature should expand beyond the academic realm to wider social life. The third pillar is located back in academic practice, and the author argues that comparative studies could and should be a critical meta-theory for all the humanities, for not only globalized but rather glocalized times. Glocalization of comparative discourse could be a good chance to, on the one hand, find our own voice in accordance with tradition, but – on the other hand – could allow us to find our own place in global humanities and social sciences. Thus, even if the social and political context is nowadays favourable to comparative studies, success is possible only in a new version of organic work – at schools, on the Internet, in public debates, etc. – on a planetary scale, beyond any centrism. Glocalization respects the local, but without its fetishization, and does so contemporaneously with consciousness of the other traditions and global scale of interactions. It is true not only in the financial world but also in the realms of cultures.
12
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Komparatystyka miedzy Mickiewiczem a dniem dzisiejszym

75%
Wiśniewska L.
Wiek XIX. Rocznik Towarzystwa Literackiego imienia Adama Mickiewicza
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2008
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vol. 1(43)
81-110
EN
This article presents comparative studies understood as a philosophy of culture, basing upon Henry H. Remak's definition and the 'enumerative' definition of culture by Edward B. Tylor. Reference is also made to the two types of Eliade's myths and two types of paradigm as a 'tertium comparationis', showing - through a comparative depiction - the relationships, appearing in related texts, of the primary figures (God and Nature) and categories of culture (time and space).
13
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HUMAN, SUPER-HUMAN, ANTI-HUMAN: THE POST-HUMAN DEEP FUTURE IN EVOLUTIONARY SCIENCE FICTION

75%
Pisarski M.
World Literature Studies
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2021
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vol. 13
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issue 1
3 - 17
EN
Post-humanist visions of the future do not venture further ahead than a few hundred or a few thousand years at most. It is within this near future that most scenarios of technological singularity and the enhancement of the human into an H+, or a post-human, are projected. This paper reflects on visions of much more distant futures found in evolutionary speculative fiction and science fiction, from J.B.S. Haldane (1927) through to Adrian Tchaikovsky (2019). From the vantage point of thousands (or millions) of years, the forthcoming era of mind uploading, designer babies, and technological immortality as envisioned in the transhumanist utopias of Hans Moravec amount to short episodes in a long cycle of evolutionary progress matched by planetary catastrophes. Such a perspective offers a more general reflection on the philosophical and cultural implications of a “creative evolution”, the nature of humanity, and humans’ place among other species. The transhumanism agenda, initiated by Julian Huxley in the form of a call to arms for the “betterment of humanity” by existing, emerging, and speculative technologies, does not emerge as a retrograde reinstatement of the compromised ideals of Enlightenment, but rather as the sine qua non for human survival in the face of the heat death of the Sun, the eruption of a super-volcano, and any other existential risk. Human ingenuity, reflected in advanced biotechnology, space travel and technological enhancements turns out to be the only guarantee of life on Earth and beyond it. As such, this comparative study of literary examples of possible courses of human history proves that reflections on the far future are capable of healing current discursive divides between post-humanist and transhumanist, anthropocentric and anti-anthropocentric, and technophobic and technophile approaches to our present.
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