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EN
The purpose of this paper is a presentation of the consequences of tax law excessive complexity. The authoress focuses on readability of the tax literature and communication between taxpayers and tax authorities. In the present paper, date showing the influence of tax complexity on taxpayers behavior, and factors significantly differentiating the tax returns preparing by citizens, are presented. The paper demonstrates the influence of tax law complexity on evaluation of tax fairness.
EN
In this essay I presented basic information on complexity of life, starting with general characteristics of complexity. The complexity was explained in terms of quantity of parts, organized by not their summation, but by their ability to selforganization and creation of novelty on the way to the wholeness in a course of evolution. A short review of evolving cell from elementary particles and atoms, through simple chemical molecules and macromolecules, self-organized networks and morphological structures of the cell were presented. All living organisms reveal distinct hierarchical organization from basic level (atoms, molecules) to cells and multicellular individuals. Complexity is increasing with the increased hierarchical levels. However phenomena of life on higher level of hierarchy can not be explained or reduced to characteristics and properties of chemical molecules but by interaction between them and integration of various molecular processes at a lover levels of hierarchy. More detailed view on hierarchical organization of the human, relation between various levels of hierarchy, and emergence of highest human abilities belonging to the broad level of culture are discussed.
EN
The self-organized complexity of the financial sector by the system approach application is researched. It is proposed to consider the financial sector as an integral entity within the financial system, which has key features of the “system”. It is shown that the financial sector continuously self-organizes in the process of its evolution and tends to achieve the most effective structure to the objectives of the participants of financial relations. It manifests in the adaptation of the financial sector to new economic conditions through the evolution of financial instruments and financial institutions. Moreover, in the process of financial sector evolution, there is a need to develop the flexible mechanism of its regulation for achieving and maintaining the financial stability in the economy.
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Złożona jaźń: Perspektywy empiryczne i teoretyczne

63%
Avant
|
2011
|
vol. 2
|
issue 2
59-75
EN
I have throughout this paper emphasized the complexity of the self. This complexity necessitates interdisciplinary collaboration; collaboration across the divide between theoretical analysis and empirical investigation. To think that a single discipline, be it philosophy or neuroscience, should have a monopoly on the investigation of self is merely an expression of both arrogance and ignorance.
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