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SVÄTOPLUK AKO SYMBOL NÁRODA A IDEÁL OBČIANSKYCH CNOSTÍ (V UČEBNICIACH DEJEPISU PRE ZÁKLADNÉ A STREDNÉ ŠKOLY VYDÁVANÝCH V ROKOCH 1918 - 1945)

100%
Otčenášová S.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2021
|
vol. 25
|
issue 1
91 – 112
EN
Analysing history textbooks used in Slovak schools in two different political regimes in 1918 – 1938 and 1939 – 1945, the article discusses the political instrumentalization of medieval ruler Svätopluk in school history education. Despite of changing regimes, different political values and agendas and developments in historical research, history textbooks tended to ascribe him in two distinctive roles, constantly. Historical hero, who became an iconic figure in Slovak nation-building historiography, was used in two different ways in the formation of the collective identity and collective memory of the pupils – as a symbol of social cohesion of the community – members of the nation, and as an embodiment of the fight against the Others – the enemies of the nation. This lead to the exclusion of many students with minority background (Hungarian, German, and in the later period also Czech) from the mainstream narrative and labeled them as enemies.
2

IMAGINING A GOOD CITIZEN: THE ROLES OF A HISTORICAL HERO IN SLOVAK PEDAGOGICAL TRADITION

86%
Otčenášová S.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2020
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vol. 11
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issue 2
89 – 115
EN
Based on a diachronic case study of history textbooks used in Slovak primary and secondary schools since 1918, this article discusses the roles biographies of historical heroes can play in school education. The case study analyses history textbook narratives about the medieval ruler Svätopluk published during three different political regimes, tracing their heritage up to present-day history textbooks. The text argues that the presentation of Svätopluk’s qualities, talents and achievements has been used not only in depicting him as a representative of the community, and as a desired prototype of a good citizen, but also in the formation of negative stereotypes about the representatives of the Other. This excluded significant segments of pupils of certain national minorities from the mainstream narrative and labelled them as enemies. An examination of the images of Svätopluk in history textbooks confirmed that these were politically motivated and influenced by current ideologies. However, it also showed that the 19th century Romanticist ideals, resulting in apologetic and nation defending narratives, remained an integral part of history textbooks throughout the 20th century, prevailing over the narratives offered by official contemporary historiography
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